1.Easy
What does "orthopnoea" mean?
- ABreathing that is abnormally slow
- BBreathlessness only during exercise
- CA pause in breathing during sleep
- DBreathlessness when lying flat
2.Easy
Who is responsible for obtaining a patient's informed consent for surgery?
- AThe theatre porter
- BThe patient's closest relative or the person named as next of kin
- CThe ward nurse who admits the patient on the day of surgery
- DThe clinician doing the procedure, or a suitably trained delegate
3.Easy
What is a common early sign of a stroke?
- AGradual memory loss developing over several years
- BItchy skin on both arms
- CFever with a productive cough
- DSudden facial droop or arm weakness on one side
4.Medium
An unconscious patient with diabetes has a blood glucose of 2.1 mmol/L and no IV access. What can be given?
- ASubcutaneous insulin
- BIntramuscular glucagon
- CGlucose tablets by mouth
- DOral fruit juice
5.Medium
Why is serum lactate measured in a patient with suspected sepsis?
- AIt shows whether the patient has a urinary tract infection
- BIt confirms which antibiotic to give
- CA raised lactate indicates poor tissue perfusion and higher risk
- DIt measures the patient's blood glucose
6.Medium
Why are patients asked to fast before a general anaesthetic?
- ATo lower the blood glucose before surgery
- BTo reduce the risk of aspirating stomach contents
- CTo make the surgery shorter
- DTo prevent postoperative constipation and abdominal bloating
7.Hard
Which task is most appropriate for a registered nurse to delegate to a trained healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel)?
- AMeasuring and recording vital signs on a stable patient
- BAssessing a patient who has just reported new chest pain
- CGiving a dose of intravenous antibiotic
- DTeaching a patient to inject insulin for the first time
8.Hard
Which sign is often a late finding in hypovolaemic shock in a young, previously fit adult?
- AA slightly raised respiratory rate
- BCool peripheries
- CA rise in heart rate
- DA fall in blood pressure
Answer key
- 1. D · Breathlessness when lying flat
- 2. D · The clinician doing the procedure, or a suitably trained delegate
- 3. D · Sudden facial droop or arm weakness on one side
- 4. B · Intramuscular glucagon
- 5. C · A raised lactate indicates poor tissue perfusion and higher risk
- 6. B · To reduce the risk of aspirating stomach contents
- 7. A · Measuring and recording vital signs on a stable patient
- 8. D · A fall in blood pressure
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