1.Easy
"Coffee-ground" vomit suggests:
- ABleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract
- BKidney failure
- CBowel obstruction low in the colon
- DFood poisoning with vomiting but without any bleeding
2.Easy
Why should insulin injection sites be rotated?
- ATo make the insulin work more slowly and evenly every time
- BBecause insulin causes the skin to bleed if one site is used often
- CTo stop the insulin from freezing under the skin
- DTo prevent lumpy fatty areas that make absorption unpredictable
3.Easy
What is a PEG tube?
- AA feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach
- BA tube passed through the nose and down into the stomach
- CA tube placed through the skin into the bladder to drain urine
- DA tube placed in the chest to drain air
4.Medium
Why are older adults at higher risk of dehydration?
- AThey always drink large amounts of tea
- BTheir kidneys hold on to too much water
- CTheir body water content increases with age
- DTheir sense of thirst is often reduced
5.Medium
Which drug is first-line in an acute asthma attack?
- AAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine taken every few hours
- BA nebulised or inhaled short-acting beta2-agonist (salbutamol/albuterol)
- CAn oral beta-blocker
- DA long-acting inhaled corticosteroid, used alone at a higher dose
6.Medium
A pressure ulcer shows full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone. Which category (stage) is this?
- ACategory 1
- BCategory 3
- CCategory 2
- DCategory 4
7.Hard
A nurse teaches a patient with reflux disease. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A"I will try to lose some weight over the next months."
- B"I will cut down on alcohol."
- C"I will raise the head of my bed with blocks."
- D"A big meal just before bed is fine if I take my tablet."
8.Hard
Why should chronic hypernatraemia be corrected gradually?
- ASlow correction is only needed in children
- BFast correction causes osmotic demyelination from swelling of the kidneys
- CFast correction causes severe hyperkalaemia
- DLowering the sodium too fast can cause cerebral oedema
Answer key
- 1. A · Bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract
- 2. D · To prevent lumpy fatty areas that make absorption unpredictable
- 3. A · A feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach
- 4. D · Their sense of thirst is often reduced
- 5. B · A nebulised or inhaled short-acting beta2-agonist (salbutamol/albuterol)
- 6. D · Category 4
- 7. D · "A big meal just before bed is fine if I take my tablet."
- 8. D · Lowering the sodium too fast can cause cerebral oedema
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