1.Easy
In behaviour therapy, flooding means:
- APairing an unwanted behaviour with an unpleasant stimulus
- BRewarding desired behaviour with tokens
- CGradually exposing the person to a fear hierarchy while they stay deeply relaxed
- DExposing the person to the most feared stimulus at once until anxiety falls
2.Easy
Which personality disorder cluster in DSM-5 is described as "odd or eccentric"?
- ACluster D
- BCluster B
- CCluster C
- DCluster A
3.Easy
Hallucinations are:
- APerceptions without an external stimulus
- BFirmly held false beliefs
- CRapid shifts in mood
- DMemory gaps after stress
4.Medium
A man is socially inhibited, feels inadequate and avoids jobs involving contact with people because he fears criticism, though he wants close relationships. Which disorder fits best?
- AAntisocial personality disorder
- BAvoidant personality disorder
- CHistrionic personality disorder
- DSchizoid personality disorder
5.Medium
Rosenhan's study "On being sane in insane places" raised concerns about:
- AThe safety of antidepressants
- BThe effectiveness of CBT
- CThe validity of psychiatric diagnosis
- DThe ethics of animal research
6.Medium
Behavioural activation treats depression mainly by:
- AExposing the person to feared bodily sensations in a graded way
- BExploring childhood conflicts in detail
- CPrescribing a period of complete rest
- DIncreasing engagement in rewarding and valued activities
7.Hard
Why is the medical model of mental illness criticised by proponents of the psychological approaches?
- AIt rejects the use of medication entirely
- BIt denies that the brain and biological factors have any role in behaviour or emotion
- CIt is based only on dream analysis
- DIt may overlook psychological and social causes and reduce people's sense of agency
8.Hard
The "Dodo bird verdict" in psychotherapy research refers to the finding that:
- ADifferent bona fide therapies often produce broadly similar outcomes
- BUntreated clients on waiting lists improve faster than treated clients
- COnly psychoanalysis is effective for depression
- DMedication always outperforms psychotherapy
Answer key
- 1. D · Exposing the person to the most feared stimulus at once until anxiety falls
- 2. D · Cluster A
- 3. A · Perceptions without an external stimulus
- 4. B · Avoidant personality disorder
- 5. C · The validity of psychiatric diagnosis
- 6. D · Increasing engagement in rewarding and valued activities
- 7. D · It may overlook psychological and social causes and reduce people's sense of agency
- 8. A · Different bona fide therapies often produce broadly similar outcomes
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