1.Easy
Tolerance to a substance means that:
- AThe substance has no effect from the start
- BThe person no longer craves the substance
- CIncreasing amounts are needed to achieve the same effect
- DUnpleasant symptoms appear when the substance is stopped
2.Easy
Specific phobia, panic disorder and social anxiety disorder are all grouped in DSM-5 as:
- ATrauma- and stressor-related disorders
- BAnxiety disorders
- CSomatic symptom disorders
- DDepressive disorders
3.Easy
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves:
- AIntrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviours performed to reduce anxiety
- BInability to remember important personal information after a stressful event
- CExcessive happiness and energy
- DA single panic attack
4.Medium
The diathesis–stress model proposes that mental disorders arise from:
- AAn underlying vulnerability combined with environmental stress
- BStress alone
- CGenes alone
- DPoor parenting alone
5.Medium
Which statement best distinguishes obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) from OCD?
- AOCPD always involves hand washing
- BIn OCPD, intrusive unwanted thoughts trigger rituals that the person recognises as excessive
- COCPD is a psychotic disorder
- DIn OCPD, perfectionism and rigidity are usually experienced as acceptable parts of the self
6.Medium
Clozapine is typically reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia because:
- AIt can cause agranulocytosis, so regular blood monitoring is required
- BIt is the least effective antipsychotic available, so it is a last resort
- CIt cannot be taken as tablets
- DIt only works on negative symptoms
7.Hard
An older patient becomes confused over two days after starting a new medication, with attention that varies through the day. Her daughter says her memory was normal last week. What is the most appropriate interpretation?
- ALate-onset schizophrenia
- BNormal ageing
- CDelirium, which needs a search for a physical or drug cause
- DEarly Alzheimer's disease, which needs a referral to a memory clinic
8.Hard
A therapist helps a client with panic disorder deliberately bring on dizziness by spinning in a chair, without using safety behaviours. What is this technique called and why is it used?
- AAversion therapy, so the client learns to associate panic with physical discomfort
- BInteroceptive exposure, so the client learns bodily sensations are not dangerous
- CFlooding, so the client forgets their trauma
- DFree association, so unconscious fears come to light
Answer key
- 1. C · Increasing amounts are needed to achieve the same effect
- 2. B · Anxiety disorders
- 3. A · Intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviours performed to reduce anxiety
- 4. A · An underlying vulnerability combined with environmental stress
- 5. D · In OCPD, perfectionism and rigidity are usually experienced as acceptable parts of the self
- 6. A · It can cause agranulocytosis, so regular blood monitoring is required
- 7. C · Delirium, which needs a search for a physical or drug cause
- 8. B · Interoceptive exposure, so the client learns bodily sensations are not dangerous
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