1.Easy
What is encapsulation in layered networking?
- AEach layer adds its own header to the data from the layer above
- BCompressing packets to save bandwidth
- CEncrypting all data before sending it
- DEach layer removes the header added by the layer above before sending
2.Easy
What does a packet header mainly contain?
- AControl information such as source and destination addresses
- BThe website's text and images
- CThe user's actual file contents, split into equal-sized pieces
- DThe cable type used for the link
3.Easy
Which application protocol transfers files using separate control and data connections?
- ASMTP
- BFTP
- CDNS
- DHTTP
4.Medium
What is the network address of the host 192.168.10.77/26?
- A192.168.10.76
- B192.168.10.0
- C192.168.10.64
- D192.168.10.128
5.Medium
How does a stateful firewall differ from a simple packet filter?
- AIt tracks connections and allows replies that belong to established sessions
- BIt blocks all incoming traffic without exceptions, including replies to outgoing requests
- CIt only checks the MAC address of each frame
- DIt encrypts every packet it forwards
6.Medium
How does TLS typically use asymmetric and symmetric cryptography?
- AOnly asymmetric cryptography is used throughout
- BSymmetric methods agree keys and authenticate; asymmetric ciphers encrypt all the data
- CAsymmetric methods agree keys and authenticate; symmetric ciphers encrypt the data
- DOnly symmetric cryptography is used, with a fixed shared password
7.Hard
How does fragmentation differ in IPv6 compared with IPv4?
- ARouters never fragment IPv6 packets; only the source can, using path MTU discovery
- BIPv6 fragments at the transport layer inside TCP
- CIPv6 routers fragment every packet larger than 64 bytes before forwarding it on the path
- DIPv6 does not allow packets larger than 576 bytes
8.Hard
What is the main benefit of persistent connections (keep-alive) in HTTP/1.1?
- AThe connection stays encrypted without TLS
- BThe server can push updates over UDP
- CSeveral requests reuse one TCP connection, avoiding repeated handshakes
- DResponses can arrive in any order on one stream, so slow replies do not block others
Answer key
- 1. A · Each layer adds its own header to the data from the layer above
- 2. A · Control information such as source and destination addresses
- 3. B · FTP
- 4. C · 192.168.10.64
- 5. A · It tracks connections and allows replies that belong to established sessions
- 6. C · Asymmetric methods agree keys and authenticate; symmetric ciphers encrypt the data
- 7. A · Routers never fragment IPv6 packets; only the source can, using path MTU discovery
- 8. C · Several requests reuse one TCP connection, avoiding repeated handshakes
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.