An 8 m thick layer of normally consolidated clay (Cc = 0.5, e₀ = 1.05) has an effective vertical stress of 130 kPa at its mid-depth. A wide fill raises the vertical stress in the clay by 140 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
An 8 m thick normally consolidated clay layer (γsat = 19.5 kN/m³, Cc = 0.6, e₀ = 0.6) lies below 2 m of sand (γ = 18 kN/m³). The water table is at the top of the clay; use γw = 9.81 kN/m³. A wide fill raises the vertical stress throughout the clay by 80 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 7 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.3, Cr = 0.05 and e₀ = 0.7. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 45 kPa and the overconsolidation ratio is OCR = 1.5. A new building adds 40 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 6.5 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.25, Cr = 0.05 and e₀ = 1.2. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 90 kPa and the preconsolidation pressure is 180 kPa. A new building adds 160 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A clay layer 8 m thick has a coefficient of consolidation cv = 3 m²/year. It lies between two sand layers, so water drains out at the top and the bottom. For 60% average consolidation the time factor is Tv = 0.287. How many years t does the layer take to reach 60% consolidation?
A clay layer 6.5 m thick has a coefficient of consolidation cv = 3 m²/year. It lies on impervious rock, with sand above it, so water drains out only at the top. For 80% average consolidation the time factor is Tv = 0.567. How many years t does the layer take to reach 80% consolidation?
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