A 3 m thick layer of normally consolidated clay (Cc = 0.4, e₀ = 1.1) has an effective vertical stress of 90 kPa at its mid-depth. A wide fill raises the vertical stress in the clay by 135 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 7 m thick normally consolidated clay layer (γsat = 19 kN/m³, Cc = 0.45, e₀ = 1.3) lies below 3 m of sand (γ = 18 kN/m³). The water table is at the top of the clay; use γw = 9.81 kN/m³. A wide fill raises the vertical stress throughout the clay by 55 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 3 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.4, Cr = 0.02 and e₀ = 0.85. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 45 kPa and the overconsolidation ratio is OCR = 2. A new building adds 60 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
An 8 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.45, Cr = 0.06 and e₀ = 0.65. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 65 kPa and the preconsolidation pressure is 165 kPa. A new building adds 170 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
In a laboratory oedometer test, a clay specimen 19 mm thick, drained at the top and bottom, reaches 50% consolidation in 12 min. In the field the same clay forms a layer 8.5 m thick. It lies on impervious rock, with sand above it, so water drains out only at the top. How many days t does the field layer take to reach 50% consolidation?
A clay layer 2 m thick has a coefficient of consolidation cv = 3 m²/year. It lies on impervious rock, with sand above it, so water drains out only at the top. For 80% average consolidation the time factor is Tv = 0.567. How many years t does the layer take to reach 80% consolidation?
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