A 3.5 m thick layer of normally consolidated clay (Cc = 0.2, e₀ = 1.4) has an effective vertical stress of 115 kPa at its mid-depth. A wide fill raises the vertical stress in the clay by 75 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
An 8 m thick normally consolidated clay layer (γsat = 19.5 kN/m³, Cc = 0.6, e₀ = 0.7) lies below 6 m of sand (γ = 19 kN/m³). The water table is at the top of the clay; use γw = 9.81 kN/m³. A wide fill raises the vertical stress throughout the clay by 90 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 4 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.45, Cr = 0.05 and e₀ = 1.1. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 120 kPa and the preconsolidation pressure is 180 kPa. A new building adds 20 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 7.5 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.25, Cr = 0.03 and e₀ = 1.05. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 100 kPa and the preconsolidation pressure is 140 kPa. A new building adds 10 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
In a laboratory oedometer test, a clay specimen 20 mm thick, drained at the top and bottom, reaches 50% consolidation in 10 min. In the field the same clay forms a layer 6.5 m thick. It lies on impervious rock, with sand above it, so water drains out only at the top. How many days t does the field layer take to reach 50% consolidation?
A clay layer 5 m thick has a coefficient of consolidation cv = 2.5 m²/year. It lies between two sand layers, so water drains out at the top and the bottom. For 50% average consolidation the time factor is Tv = 0.197. How many years t does the layer take to reach 50% consolidation?
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