A 7.5 m thick layer of normally consolidated clay (Cc = 0.6, e₀ = 0.9) has an effective vertical stress of 150 kPa at its mid-depth. A wide fill raises the vertical stress in the clay by 120 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 10 m thick normally consolidated clay layer (γsat = 18 kN/m³, Cc = 0.35, e₀ = 1.4) lies below 4 m of sand (γ = 18 kN/m³). The water table is at the top of the clay; use γw = 9.81 kN/m³. A wide fill raises the vertical stress throughout the clay by 85 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 3 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.45, Cr = 0.05 and e₀ = 1.15. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 115 kPa and the preconsolidation pressure is 175 kPa. A new building adds 35 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
An 8 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.5, Cr = 0.06 and e₀ = 1.2. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 95 kPa and the preconsolidation pressure is 195 kPa. A new building adds 210 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A clay layer 2.5 m thick has a coefficient of consolidation cv = 1 m²/year. It lies on impervious rock, with sand above it, so water drains out only at the top. For 60% average consolidation the time factor is Tv = 0.287. How many years t does the layer take to reach 60% consolidation?
A clay layer 8.5 m thick has a coefficient of consolidation cv = 4 m²/year. It lies on impervious rock, with sand above it, so water drains out only at the top. For 70% average consolidation the time factor is Tv = 0.403. How many years t does the layer take to reach 70% consolidation?
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