A 3 m thick normally consolidated clay layer (γsat = 19 kN/m³, Cc = 0.3, e₀ = 1) lies below 6 m of sand (γ = 18.5 kN/m³). The water table is at the top of the clay; use γw = 9.81 kN/m³. A wide fill raises the vertical stress throughout the clay by 25 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 4.5 m thick layer of normally consolidated clay (Cc = 0.2, e₀ = 1) has an effective vertical stress of 115 kPa at its mid-depth. A wide fill raises the vertical stress in the clay by 115 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 7.5 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.5, Cr = 0.05 and e₀ = 0.6. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 95 kPa and the preconsolidation pressure is 135 kPa. A new building adds 25 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 5 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.4, Cr = 0.05 and e₀ = 1. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 60 kPa and the preconsolidation pressure is 140 kPa. A new building adds 10 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A clay layer 5 m thick has a coefficient of consolidation cv = 5 m²/year. It lies on impervious rock, with sand above it, so water drains out only at the top. For 90% average consolidation the time factor is Tv = 0.848. How many years t does the layer take to reach 90% consolidation?
A clay layer 6.5 m thick has a coefficient of consolidation cv = 5 m²/year. It lies between two sand layers, so water drains out at the top and the bottom. For 80% average consolidation the time factor is Tv = 0.567. How many years t does the layer take to reach 80% consolidation?
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