A 2.5 m thick layer of normally consolidated clay (Cc = 0.4, e₀ = 1.4) has an effective vertical stress of 80 kPa at its mid-depth. A wide fill raises the vertical stress in the clay by 45 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A 4 m thick layer of normally consolidated clay (Cc = 0.25, e₀ = 1.35) has an effective vertical stress of 120 kPa at its mid-depth. A wide fill raises the vertical stress in the clay by 150 kPa. Treat the layer as one sublayer with the stresses at its mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
An 8 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.3, Cr = 0.04 and e₀ = 0.7. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 110 kPa and the preconsolidation pressure is 200 kPa. A new building adds 45 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
An 8 m thick overconsolidated clay layer has Cc = 0.2, Cr = 0.05 and e₀ = 0.95. At its mid-depth the effective vertical stress is 85 kPa and the overconsolidation ratio is OCR = 1.5. A new building adds 100 kPa of vertical stress at mid-depth. Find the primary consolidation settlement S in mm.
A clay layer 9 m thick has a coefficient of consolidation cv = 2.5 m²/year. It lies on impervious rock, with sand above it, so water drains out only at the top. For 50% average consolidation the time factor is Tv = 0.197. How many years t does the layer take to reach 50% consolidation?
In a laboratory oedometer test, a clay specimen 20 mm thick, drained at the top and bottom, reaches 50% consolidation in 5 min. In the field the same clay forms a layer 7.5 m thick. It lies between two sand layers, so water drains out at the top and the bottom. How many days t does the field layer take to reach 50% consolidation?
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