1.Easy
Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights prohibits discrimination:
- AIn every area of life, as a free-standing right
- BOnly on grounds of nationality
- COnly by private employers
- DIn the enjoyment of the other Convention rights
2.Easy
In the United States, the "Bill of Rights" refers to:
- AThe first article of the Constitution
- BThe first ten amendments to the Constitution
- CA statute passed by Congress in the 1960s
- DThe Declaration of Independence
3.Easy
In the UK, the head of government is:
- AThe Prime Minister
- BThe monarch
- CThe Speaker of the House of Commons
- DThe Lord Chancellor
4.Medium
The Dutch Constitution (Article 120) forbids courts from:
- AReviewing Acts of Parliament for compatibility with the Constitution
- BApplying international treaties
- CHearing criminal cases
- DReviewing decisions of municipalities and provinces against national statutes
5.Medium
In the Factortame litigation, while the UK was an EU member, the House of Lords:
- ADeclared the European Communities Act 1972 invalid
- BDisapplied parts of an Act of Parliament that conflicted with EU law
- CHeld that EU law could never limit Acts of Parliament
- DReferred the matter to the European Court of Human Rights
6.Medium
Under ECHR case law such as Sunday Times v UK, for a restriction to be "prescribed by law", the law must be:
- AAdequately accessible and foreseeable in its effects
- BContained in a single written statute passed by parliament
- COlder than the Convention
- DApproved by a referendum
7.Hard
Officers enter a writer's house and seize his papers under a warrant issued by a Secretary of State with no legal authority to issue it. In Entick v Carrington, the court held:
- AThe search was lawful, because the warrant was signed
- BThe search was unlawful, because state action needs legal authority
- CThe writer could only complain to Parliament
- DThe search was lawful, because state necessity justified seizing the papers
8.Hard
In R (Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice (2014), concerning the ban on assisted suicide, the majority of the UK Supreme Court:
- AHeld that Article 8 was not engaged at all
- BMade a declaration of incompatibility with Article 8, while leaving the ban itself in force for now
- CRead the ban down under section 3 to allow assisted dying
- DDeclined to make a declaration of incompatibility at that time, leaving it to Parliament
Answer key
- 1. D · In the enjoyment of the other Convention rights
- 2. B · The first ten amendments to the Constitution
- 3. A · The Prime Minister
- 4. A · Reviewing Acts of Parliament for compatibility with the Constitution
- 5. B · Disapplied parts of an Act of Parliament that conflicted with EU law
- 6. A · Adequately accessible and foreseeable in its effects
- 7. B · The search was unlawful, because state action needs legal authority
- 8. D · Declined to make a declaration of incompatibility at that time, leaving it to Parliament
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