1.Easy
The Dutch Parliament (Staten-Generaal) consists of:
- AThe King and the Council of Ministers
- BThe provincial councils and municipal councils
- CThe House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer) and the Senate (Eerste Kamer)
- DThe Council of State and the Supreme Court
2.Easy
The Sewel convention says that the UK Parliament will not normally:
- ADebate matters concerning Scotland
- BChange taxes without a referendum
- CLegislate on devolved matters without the devolved legislature's consent
- DLegislate on Scottish matters without first holding a referendum in Scotland
3.Easy
The Salisbury convention in the UK means that the House of Lords:
- ADoes not block government bills carrying out manifesto commitments
- BMust approve all money bills within one week
- CElects the Speaker of the House of Commons
- DMay permanently veto bills that alter the constitution of the United Kingdom
4.Medium
After Burmah Oil v Lord Advocate held that compensation was due for property destroyed during the war, Parliament passed the War Damage Act 1965, which:
- ARequired the courts to hear the case again
- BWas struck down by the courts
- CRemoved the right to compensation retrospectively
- DIncreased the compensation payable
5.Medium
Under ECHR case law such as Sunday Times v UK, for a restriction to be "prescribed by law", the law must be:
- AApproved by a referendum
- BContained in a single written statute passed by parliament
- COlder than the Convention
- DAdequately accessible and foreseeable in its effects
6.Medium
A minister refuses to refer a complaint to a committee because the result might embarrass the government. In Padfield v Minister of Agriculture, the House of Lords held:
- AThe minister had unlimited discretion
- BThe refusal was unlawful, as it frustrated the purpose of the Act
- COnly Parliament could question the minister
- DThe refusal was lawful, since the Act imposed no duty to give reasons
7.Hard
Dicey argued that in England individual liberties were mainly protected by:
- AThe personal decisions of the monarch
- BA specialised constitutional court
- CThe ordinary courts applying the common law
- DA written bill of rights with higher status
8.Hard
In YL v Birmingham City Council (2007), the House of Lords held that a private care home housing residents funded by a council:
- AWas not exercising a function of a public nature under the Human Rights Act
- BWas a hybrid public authority bound by the Act for all the care it provided
- CWas a core public authority
- DCould not house publicly funded residents
Answer key
- 1. C · The House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer) and the Senate (Eerste Kamer)
- 2. C · Legislate on devolved matters without the devolved legislature's consent
- 3. A · Does not block government bills carrying out manifesto commitments
- 4. C · Removed the right to compensation retrospectively
- 5. D · Adequately accessible and foreseeable in its effects
- 6. B · The refusal was unlawful, as it frustrated the purpose of the Act
- 7. C · The ordinary courts applying the common law
- 8. A · Was not exercising a function of a public nature under the Human Rights Act
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