1.Easy
The European Convention on Human Rights was drawn up within:
- AThe Council of Europe
- BNATO
- CThe United Nations
- DThe European Union
2.Easy
The Salisbury convention in the UK means that the House of Lords:
- ADoes not block government bills carrying out manifesto commitments
- BMust approve all money bills within one week
- CElects the Speaker of the House of Commons
- DMay permanently veto bills that alter the constitution of the United Kingdom
3.Easy
Section 3 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998 requires courts to:
- AAsk Parliament to interpret unclear statutes
- BStrike down any provision of an Act that cannot be read compatibly with Convention rights
- CRead and give effect to legislation compatibly with Convention rights, so far as possible
- DFollow every judgment of the Strasbourg court
4.Medium
In England and Wales, a claim for judicial review must generally be filed:
- AAt any time
- BWithin six years
- CWithin one year
- DPromptly, and in any event within three months
5.Medium
A minister refuses to refer a complaint to a committee because the result might embarrass the government. In Padfield v Minister of Agriculture, the House of Lords held:
- AThe refusal was unlawful, as it frustrated the purpose of the Act
- BThe minister had unlimited discretion
- COnly Parliament could question the minister
- DThe refusal was lawful, since the Act imposed no duty to give reasons
6.Medium
A bicameral legislature has:
- AThree chambers
- BOne chamber
- CNo elected members
- DTwo chambers
7.Hard
Walter Bagehot described the "efficient secret" of the English constitution as:
- AThe strict separation of all three powers
- BThe independence of the House of Lords
- CThe close union of the executive and legislative powers
- DThe monarch's power to veto legislation
8.Hard
In the Harmonisatiewet judgment (1989), the Dutch Supreme Court held that Article 120 of the Constitution:
- AAllows courts to strike down Acts that breach fundamental principles such as legal certainty
- BWas overridden by the principle of legal certainty
- CPrevents courts from reviewing Acts of Parliament against fundamental principles of law
- DApplies only to delegated legislation
Answer key
- 1. A · The Council of Europe
- 2. A · Does not block government bills carrying out manifesto commitments
- 3. C · Read and give effect to legislation compatibly with Convention rights, so far as possible
- 4. D · Promptly, and in any event within three months
- 5. A · The refusal was unlawful, as it frustrated the purpose of the Act
- 6. D · Two chambers
- 7. C · The close union of the executive and legislative powers
- 8. C · Prevents courts from reviewing Acts of Parliament against fundamental principles of law
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.