1.Easy
In the UK, the head of government is:
- AThe Prime Minister
- BThe monarch
- CThe Lord Chancellor
- DThe Speaker of the House of Commons
2.Easy
Articles 8 to 11 of the ECHR are "qualified" rights. This means that:
- AThey can be restricted only during war or a public emergency threatening the life of the nation, under Article 15
- BThey can never be restricted in any way
- CThey protect only qualified professionals
- DInterferences can be justified if lawful, for a legitimate aim and necessary in a democratic society
3.Easy
Judicial independence means that:
- AJudges are elected by the public
- BJudges decide cases free from pressure from government or other parties
- CJudges cannot be bound by statute
- DJudges may set aside any statute they consider unjust or contrary to good policy
4.Medium
The Dutch Constitution (Article 120) forbids courts from:
- AApplying international treaties
- BHearing criminal cases
- CReviewing decisions of municipalities and provinces against national statutes
- DReviewing Acts of Parliament for compatibility with the Constitution
5.Medium
Which rights in the ECHR are absolute and allow no derogation even in an emergency?
- AFreedom of assembly (Article 11)
- BThe prohibition of torture (Article 3)
- CRight to respect for private life (Article 8)
- DFreedom of expression (Article 10)
6.Medium
In Marbury v Madison (1803), the US Supreme Court established:
- AThe power of Congress to overrule decisions of the federal judiciary
- BThe power of courts to review the constitutionality of legislation
- CThe President's veto power
- DThe right to bear arms
7.Hard
In the Dutch system, the Council of State (Raad van State) mainly:
- AHears criminal appeals
- BAdvises on legislation and acts as the highest administrative court in many areas
- CAppoints the prime minister and supervises the formation of a new coalition government
- DElects the members of parliament
8.Hard
The "margin of appreciation" doctrine of the European Court of Human Rights means that:
- AStates may disregard Strasbourg judgments whenever their own parliament disagrees with the outcome
- BStates have some discretion in how they protect rights, especially on sensitive moral issues
- CThe Court never reviews national decisions
- DEvery state must apply identical rules
Answer key
- 1. A · The Prime Minister
- 2. D · Interferences can be justified if lawful, for a legitimate aim and necessary in a democratic society
- 3. B · Judges decide cases free from pressure from government or other parties
- 4. D · Reviewing Acts of Parliament for compatibility with the Constitution
- 5. B · The prohibition of torture (Article 3)
- 6. B · The power of courts to review the constitutionality of legislation
- 7. B · Advises on legislation and acts as the highest administrative court in many areas
- 8. B · States have some discretion in how they protect rights, especially on sensitive moral issues
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