1.Easy
Devolution in the UK means that:
- AThe UK has become a federal state in which the regional powers are entrenched and cannot be removed by Westminster
- BThe monarch shares power with regional parliaments
- CLocal councils can override Acts of Parliament
- DParliament transfers some powers to bodies in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland while remaining sovereign
2.Easy
Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects:
- AThe right to free elections
- BThe right to life
- CThe right to a fair trial
- DFreedom of assembly
3.Easy
In the UK, the royal prerogative is:
- AA set of powers conferred on the Prime Minister by the Constitutional Reform Act
- BThe right of judges to overrule Parliament
- CThe monarch's personal right to veto any Act
- DA set of powers of the Crown recognised by common law, not created by statute
4.Medium
To bring a claim for judicial review in England and Wales, the claimant must have:
- AA sufficient interest in the matter
- BPermission from the minister
- CA contract with the public body
- DSuffered financial loss
5.Medium
Under Article 94 of the Dutch Constitution, Dutch courts:
- ADo not apply statutes that conflict with treaty provisions binding on everyone
- BApply statutes even if they conflict with treaties
- CCan strike down statutes that conflict with the Constitution or with general principles
- DMust refer all treaty questions to the Council of State
6.Medium
Under Porter v Magill, the test for apparent bias asks whether:
- AThe decision-maker was actually biased
- BThe claimant personally and reasonably believed that the decision-maker had been biased against them
- CThe decision-maker had ever met any party
- DA fair-minded and informed observer would conclude there was a real possibility of bias
7.Hard
A statute says a commission's "determination ... shall not be called in question in any court of law". In Anisminic v Foreign Compensation Commission, the House of Lords held:
- AThe clause excluded all judicial review
- BThe clause was invalid as unconstitutional
- CThe clause did not protect a decision based on an error of law, because that was a nullity
- DThe decision was immune from review because the ouster clause applied to all its determinations
8.Hard
In R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the EU (2017), the UK Supreme Court held that:
- AThe government could give notice using prerogative powers without any Act of Parliament
- BThe referendum result was legally binding
- CDevolved legislatures had a veto over Brexit
- DParliamentary legislation was required to give notice of withdrawal from the EU
Answer key
- 1. D · Parliament transfers some powers to bodies in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland while remaining sovereign
- 2. C · The right to a fair trial
- 3. D · A set of powers of the Crown recognised by common law, not created by statute
- 4. A · A sufficient interest in the matter
- 5. A · Do not apply statutes that conflict with treaty provisions binding on everyone
- 6. D · A fair-minded and informed observer would conclude there was a real possibility of bias
- 7. C · The clause did not protect a decision based on an error of law, because that was a nullity
- 8. D · Parliamentary legislation was required to give notice of withdrawal from the EU
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