1.Easy
A constitutional monarchy is one in which the monarch:
- AIs elected by parliament every five years
- BHolds all legislative and executive power personally, and ministers merely advise on request
- CIs head of state but acts within constitutional limits, mostly on ministers' advice
- DLeads the governing political party
2.Easy
Devolution in the UK means that:
- ALocal councils can override Acts of Parliament
- BParliament transfers some powers to bodies in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland while remaining sovereign
- CThe UK has become a federal state in which the regional powers are entrenched and cannot be removed by Westminster
- DThe monarch shares power with regional parliaments
3.Easy
A writ of habeas corpus:
- AOrders a public body to perform a statutory duty
- BRequires a detained person to be brought before a court so that the legality of the detention can be tested
- CPermits the government to search private homes
- DAllows the police to detain a suspect without charge for up to a week while a court reviews the evidence against them
4.Medium
Which ground of judicial review applies when a decision-maker ignores a relevant consideration?
- ALegitimate expectation only
- BProcedural impropriety only
- CNone, because courts never review considerations
- DIllegality
5.Medium
Under ECHR case law such as Sunday Times v UK, for a restriction to be "prescribed by law", the law must be:
- AApproved by a referendum
- BAdequately accessible and foreseeable in its effects
- CContained in a single written statute passed by parliament
- DOlder than the Convention
6.Medium
In R (Jackson) v Attorney General, the House of Lords held that:
- AThe House of Lords could veto any bill permanently
- BActs passed under the Parliament Acts were merely invalid delegated legislation
- CThe Hunting Act was incompatible with Convention rights
- DThe Parliament Act 1949 and the Hunting Act 2004 passed under it were valid
7.Hard
The "dualist" approach to international law means that:
- ATreaties must be incorporated into national law before courts apply them domestically
- BInternational law applies automatically in national courts as soon as a treaty is ratified
- CTreaties cannot be signed without a referendum
- DCourts must apply only international law
8.Hard
The Wednesbury unreasonableness test asks whether a decision is:
- ADifferent from what the judge would have decided on the same evidence
- BSo unreasonable that no reasonable authority could have made it
- CUnpopular with the public
- DSlightly less than ideal
Answer key
- 1. C · Is head of state but acts within constitutional limits, mostly on ministers' advice
- 2. B · Parliament transfers some powers to bodies in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland while remaining sovereign
- 3. B · Requires a detained person to be brought before a court so that the legality of the detention can be tested
- 4. D · Illegality
- 5. B · Adequately accessible and foreseeable in its effects
- 6. D · The Parliament Act 1949 and the Hunting Act 2004 passed under it were valid
- 7. A · Treaties must be incorporated into national law before courts apply them domestically
- 8. B · So unreasonable that no reasonable authority could have made it
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