1.Easy
A codified constitution is one whose main rules are:
- ABased entirely on unwritten customs
- BAgreed afresh after every election
- CCollected in a single written document
- DFound only in judicial decisions
2.Easy
A "rigid" constitution is one that:
- ACan never be amended at all
- BCan be changed by an ordinary Act
- CCan be amended only by a special procedure
- DIs enforced strictly by the army
3.Easy
In the UK, the head of government is:
- AThe Prime Minister
- BThe Speaker of the House of Commons
- CThe monarch
- DThe Lord Chancellor
4.Medium
In the United States, Congress can override a presidential veto by:
- AA two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate
- BA simple majority in the House only
- CA three-quarters vote of the states
- DAsking the Supreme Court to approve the bill
5.Medium
A chief constable is dismissed without being told the charges or given a chance to respond. In Ridge v Baldwin, the House of Lords held:
- AThe dismissal was valid, because the police had no contract
- BThe dismissal was void for breach of natural justice
- COnly Parliament could review the decision
- DThe dismissal was valid, as it was an administrative decision
6.Medium
In Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza, the House of Lords used section 3 of the Human Rights Act to read "as his or her wife or husband" in the Rent Act as:
- AExcluding all unmarried partners
- BIncompatible, so it issued a declaration
- CApplying only to registered marriages
- DIncluding same-sex partners
7.Hard
Under Article 15 of the ECHR, a state may derogate from some obligations in time of war or public emergency, but not from:
- AArticle 5 (liberty) and Article 6 (fair trial), among others
- BArticle 8 (private life)
- CArticle 3 (torture) and Article 4(1) (slavery), among others
- DArticle 11 (assembly)
8.Hard
The government introduces high fees for bringing claims to employment tribunals, and the number of claims falls sharply. In R (UNISON) v Lord Chancellor (2017), the Supreme Court held:
- AThe fees were lawful because Parliament authorised fees
- BThe fees were lawful because users of the courts must pay for them
- CThe fees breached only EU competition law
- DThe fees were unlawful because they prevented access to justice
Answer key
- 1. C · Collected in a single written document
- 2. C · Can be amended only by a special procedure
- 3. A · The Prime Minister
- 4. A · A two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate
- 5. B · The dismissal was void for breach of natural justice
- 6. D · Including same-sex partners
- 7. C · Article 3 (torture) and Article 4(1) (slavery), among others
- 8. D · The fees were unlawful because they prevented access to justice
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.