1.Easy
The rule of law means, at its core, that:
- AJudges make all laws
- BOnly citizens must follow the law
- CThe government can change any law at any time without limits
- DEveryone, including the government, is subject to the law
2.Easy
In the UK, the head of government is:
- AThe monarch
- BThe Prime Minister
- CThe Lord Chancellor
- DThe Speaker of the House of Commons
3.Easy
Which right is protected by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights?
- ARight to life
- BProhibition of torture
- CFreedom of expression
- DRight to marry
4.Medium
In CCSU v Minister for the Civil Service (the GCHQ case), Lord Diplock classified the grounds of judicial review as:
- AIllegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety
- BJurisdiction, motive and fairness
- CFraud, mistake and duress
- DLegality, legitimacy and proportionality
5.Medium
In Lingens v Austria, the European Court of Human Rights held that politicians:
- AAre fully protected from any criticism
- BCannot sue for defamation at all
- CMust tolerate wider criticism than private individuals
- DHave no rights under Article 10
6.Medium
A chief constable is dismissed without being told the charges or given a chance to respond. In Ridge v Baldwin, the House of Lords held:
- AOnly Parliament could review the decision
- BThe dismissal was valid, as it was an administrative decision
- CThe dismissal was valid, because the police had no contract
- DThe dismissal was void for breach of natural justice
7.Hard
In the Urgenda case (2019), the Dutch Supreme Court upheld an order requiring the State to:
- AWithdraw from international climate agreements
- BPay damages to every Dutch citizen
- CClose all coal power stations immediately
- DReduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 25% compared with 1990 by the end of 2020
8.Hard
The Venice Commission is:
- AThe Council of Europe's advisory body on constitutional law
- BThe EU's highest court
- CA United Nations body that hears individual human rights complaints
- DAn Italian regional parliament
Answer key
- 1. D · Everyone, including the government, is subject to the law
- 2. B · The Prime Minister
- 3. C · Freedom of expression
- 4. A · Illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety
- 5. C · Must tolerate wider criticism than private individuals
- 6. D · The dismissal was void for breach of natural justice
- 7. D · Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 25% compared with 1990 by the end of 2020
- 8. A · The Council of Europe's advisory body on constitutional law
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