1.Easy
Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Lords can generally delay most public bills passed by the Commons for about:
- AAs long as it wishes
- BFive years
- COne year
- DOne week
2.Easy
The European Convention on Human Rights is enforced by:
- AThe Court of Justice of the European Union in Luxembourg
- BThe European Parliament
- CThe European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg
- DThe International Court of Justice in The Hague
3.Easy
A "rigid" constitution is one that:
- ACan be changed by an ordinary Act
- BCan be amended only by a special procedure
- CCan never be amended at all
- DIs enforced strictly by the army
4.Medium
Ellen Street Estates v Minister of Health is cited for the principle that:
- AEarlier Acts always prevail over later Acts
- BCourts may refuse to apply a later Act
- CParliament can entrench an Act against later repeal by stating expressly that it may not be amended in future
- DParliament cannot bind its successors, and a later Act impliedly repeals an inconsistent earlier one
5.Medium
In Hirst v UK (No 2), the European Court of Human Rights held that the UK's blanket ban on voting by convicted prisoners:
- AWas justified because prisoners have no rights
- BViolated the right to freedom of expression in Article 10 of the Convention
- CWas within the UK's margin of appreciation
- DViolated the right to free elections in Protocol 1, Article 3
6.Medium
Which ground of judicial review applies when a decision-maker ignores a relevant consideration?
- ALegitimate expectation only
- BIllegality
- CProcedural impropriety only
- DNone, because courts never review considerations
7.Hard
Since the 2008 constitutional reform in France, the "question prioritaire de constitutionnalité" allows:
- AThe President to suspend a statute for one year
- BJudges in any court to strike down statutes themselves
- CAny citizen to challenge a bill before Parliament votes on it, by petition to the Conseil constitutionnel
- DA party in court to ask for a statute in force to be reviewed for breach of constitutional rights
8.Hard
After a court makes a declaration of incompatibility, section 10 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998 allows a minister to:
- AOverrule the court's declaration
- BSuspend the Convention right in question
- CAmend the incompatible legislation by a remedial order
- DRefer the case directly to Strasbourg
Answer key
- 1. C · One year
- 2. C · The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg
- 3. B · Can be amended only by a special procedure
- 4. D · Parliament cannot bind its successors, and a later Act impliedly repeals an inconsistent earlier one
- 5. D · Violated the right to free elections in Protocol 1, Article 3
- 6. B · Illegality
- 7. D · A party in court to ask for a statute in force to be reviewed for breach of constitutional rights
- 8. C · Amend the incompatible legislation by a remedial order
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