1.Easy
In a presidential system, such as that of the United States:
- AThe president can dissolve the legislature at will
- BThe president is chosen by and from the legislature and must resign if it withdraws its confidence in the government
- CThe president is a ceremonial figure with no powers
- DThe head of the executive is elected separately and does not depend on the legislature's confidence
2.Easy
Judicial review allows courts to:
- ADecide elections
- BCheck whether public bodies act lawfully
- CAppoint government ministers
- DRewrite any legislation they consider unwise
3.Easy
Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects:
- AThe right to marry
- BThe right to an effective remedy
- CThe right to liberty and security
- DFreedom of religion
4.Medium
In England and Wales, a claim for judicial review must generally be filed:
- AWithin six years
- BPromptly, and in any event within three months
- CWithin one year
- DAt any time
5.Medium
To amend the Dutch Constitution under Article 137:
- AA national referendum must approve it
- BA simple majority in both chambers is enough, after which the King must sign the amendment into law
- CA proposal is passed, elections follow, and then both chambers must approve it by two-thirds
- DThe King and the Council of State decide it
6.Medium
In Golder v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that Article 6 includes:
- AA right to a jury trial
- BA right to appeal to Strasbourg
- CA right to free legal aid in all cases
- DA right of access to a court
7.Hard
A woman with a terminal illness asks for a guarantee that her husband will not be prosecuted for helping her die. In Pretty v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that Article 2:
- AWas not engaged by her case at all
- BDoes not include a right to die
- CRequires states to allow assisted suicide
- DRequires an immunity for her husband
8.Hard
Officers enter a writer's house and seize his papers under a warrant issued by a Secretary of State with no legal authority to issue it. In Entick v Carrington, the court held:
- AThe search was lawful, because the warrant was signed
- BThe search was lawful, because state necessity justified seizing the papers
- CThe writer could only complain to Parliament
- DThe search was unlawful, because state action needs legal authority
Answer key
- 1. D · The head of the executive is elected separately and does not depend on the legislature's confidence
- 2. B · Check whether public bodies act lawfully
- 3. C · The right to liberty and security
- 4. B · Promptly, and in any event within three months
- 5. C · A proposal is passed, elections follow, and then both chambers must approve it by two-thirds
- 6. D · A right of access to a court
- 7. B · Does not include a right to die
- 8. D · The search was unlawful, because state action needs legal authority
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