1.Easy
Under section 6 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998, it is unlawful for:
- ACourts to apply Acts of Parliament
- BA private person to breach any Convention right
- CA public authority to act incompatibly with Convention rights
- DParliament to pass any Act limiting rights
2.Easy
The United Kingdom's constitution is best described as:
- ASet out entirely in EU treaties
- BFully written in one document
- CCopied from the US constitution
- DLargely uncodified
3.Easy
A unitary state is one in which:
- AThe head of state is also head of government
- BSovereign power is held at the centre, which may delegate powers to other levels
- CThere is only one political party
- DRegions have powers guaranteed by the constitution, which the centre cannot alter alone
4.Medium
In Thoburn v Sunderland City Council (the "metric martyrs" case), Laws LJ said that "constitutional statutes":
- ACannot be impliedly repealed, only expressly
- BPrevail automatically over all later Acts of Parliament
- CMust be approved by referendum
- DCannot be repealed at all
5.Medium
In the GCHQ case, the House of Lords held that the exercise of prerogative powers:
- ACan be judicially reviewed, depending on its subject matter
- BCan never be reviewed by the courts
- CCan be reviewed only if Parliament agrees
- DIs always fully reviewable, whatever subject matter it concerns
6.Medium
In Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza, the House of Lords used section 3 of the Human Rights Act to read "as his or her wife or husband" in the Rent Act as:
- AIncompatible, so it issued a declaration
- BIncluding same-sex partners
- CApplying only to registered marriages
- DExcluding all unmarried partners
7.Hard
In the Dutch system, the Council of State (Raad van State) mainly:
- AAdvises on legislation and acts as the highest administrative court in many areas
- BAppoints the prime minister and supervises the formation of a new coalition government
- CElects the members of parliament
- DHears criminal appeals
8.Hard
In the Case of Proclamations (1610), the court held that the King:
- ACould change any law by proclamation
- BCould suspend Acts of Parliament
- CCould not create new offences by proclamation
- DCould dismiss judges who disagreed
Answer key
- 1. C · A public authority to act incompatibly with Convention rights
- 2. D · Largely uncodified
- 3. B · Sovereign power is held at the centre, which may delegate powers to other levels
- 4. A · Cannot be impliedly repealed, only expressly
- 5. A · Can be judicially reviewed, depending on its subject matter
- 6. B · Including same-sex partners
- 7. A · Advises on legislation and acts as the highest administrative court in many areas
- 8. C · Could not create new offences by proclamation
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