1.Easy
In the United States, the "Bill of Rights" refers to:
- AA statute passed by Congress in the 1960s
- BThe Declaration of Independence
- CThe first article of the Constitution
- DThe first ten amendments to the Constitution
2.Easy
In the UK, the head of government is:
- AThe Lord Chancellor
- BThe Prime Minister
- CThe monarch
- DThe Speaker of the House of Commons
3.Easy
In the UK, after a bill passes both Houses of Parliament, it becomes an Act when it receives:
- ACabinet confirmation
- BJudicial approval
- CA referendum vote
- DRoyal Assent
4.Medium
After Burmah Oil v Lord Advocate held that compensation was due for property destroyed during the war, Parliament passed the War Damage Act 1965, which:
- ARemoved the right to compensation retrospectively
- BRequired the courts to hear the case again
- CWas struck down by the courts
- DIncreased the compensation payable
5.Medium
Under ECHR case law such as Sunday Times v UK, for a restriction to be "prescribed by law", the law must be:
- AAdequately accessible and foreseeable in its effects
- BApproved by a referendum
- CContained in a single written statute passed by parliament
- DOlder than the Convention
6.Medium
In England and Wales, a claim for judicial review must generally be filed:
- AAt any time
- BWithin one year
- CWithin six years
- DPromptly, and in any event within three months
7.Hard
In YL v Birmingham City Council (2007), the House of Lords held that a private care home housing residents funded by a council:
- AWas not exercising a function of a public nature under the Human Rights Act
- BWas a hybrid public authority bound by the Act for all the care it provided
- CCould not house publicly funded residents
- DWas a core public authority
8.Hard
The government introduces high fees for bringing claims to employment tribunals, and the number of claims falls sharply. In R (UNISON) v Lord Chancellor (2017), the Supreme Court held:
- AThe fees were unlawful because they prevented access to justice
- BThe fees were lawful because Parliament authorised fees
- CThe fees breached only EU competition law
- DThe fees were lawful because users of the courts must pay for them
Answer key
- 1. D · The first ten amendments to the Constitution
- 2. B · The Prime Minister
- 3. D · Royal Assent
- 4. A · Removed the right to compensation retrospectively
- 5. A · Adequately accessible and foreseeable in its effects
- 6. D · Promptly, and in any event within three months
- 7. A · Was not exercising a function of a public nature under the Human Rights Act
- 8. A · The fees were unlawful because they prevented access to justice
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