1.Easy
An offer with no stated time limit lapses:
- AAt midnight on the day it is made
- BAfter a reasonable time
- CAfter exactly seven days
- DNever, unless revoked
2.Easy
Minors (under 18) entering contracts are generally:
- ALiable only if their parents sign too
- BBound in exactly the same way as adults, unless their parents object in writing
- CProtected, so many of their contracts are not enforceable against them
- DNever able to make any contract
3.Easy
According to Derry v Peek, a misrepresentation is fraudulent if the maker:
- AMade it carelessly and without checking the facts, though honestly believing it
- BMade a profit from the contract that followed
- CKnew it was false, did not believe it, or was reckless whether it was true
- DMade it in a written document
4.Medium
Police provide extra officers at a mine during a strike, beyond what their public duty requires, at the owner's request. The owner's promise to pay is:
- AEnforceable only if approved by Parliament
- BUnenforceable, because police protection can never be consideration for a promise
- CVoid, because it is contrary to public policy
- DEnforceable, because doing more than a public duty is consideration
5.Medium
A doctor selling his practice truthfully states its income, but the income falls sharply before the contract is signed and he says nothing. This is:
- AA mere opinion about future income
- BNot a misrepresentation, because the statement was true when it was made
- CA breach of an implied condition of quality
- DA misrepresentation, because he should have corrected the statement
6.Medium
A customer signs a contract containing an exclusion clause without reading it. Absent fraud or misrepresentation, the clause is generally:
- AVoid for unilateral mistake
- BNot incorporated, because it was not read
- CIncorporated, because a signature binds the signer
- DIncorporated only if it was explained orally
7.Hard
A seller mistakenly offers hare skins at a price per pound instead of per piece. The buyer knew that prices were always quoted per piece. In Hartog v Colin and Shields:
- AThere was a binding contract at the stated price
- BThe court rewrote the price to per piece
- CThe contract was voidable at the buyer's option
- DThere was no contract, as the buyer knew of the mistake
8.Hard
A chartered ship is returned late, and the owner loses a very profitable follow-on charter. In The Achilleas, the House of Lords held the charterer was liable:
- AFor no loss, because late return is not a breach
- BFor punitive damages, because the delay was deliberate
- CFor the whole profit lost on the follow-on charter, as it was foreseeable
- DOnly for the market rate difference during the overrun period
Answer key
- 1. B · After a reasonable time
- 2. C · Protected, so many of their contracts are not enforceable against them
- 3. C · Knew it was false, did not believe it, or was reckless whether it was true
- 4. D · Enforceable, because doing more than a public duty is consideration
- 5. D · A misrepresentation, because he should have corrected the statement
- 6. C · Incorporated, because a signature binds the signer
- 7. D · There was no contract, as the buyer knew of the mistake
- 8. D · Only for the market rate difference during the overrun period
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.