1.Easy
Minors (under 18) entering contracts are generally:
- ALiable only if their parents sign too
- BProtected, so many of their contracts are not enforceable against them
- CNever able to make any contract
- DBound in exactly the same way as adults, unless their parents object in writing
2.Easy
A shop displays a jacket with a price tag in its window. In English law this is usually:
- AAn invitation to treat
- BA unilateral contract
- CA binding offer to sell at that price
- DAn acceptance
3.Easy
Under the UK Consumer Rights Act 2015, goods supplied by a trader to a consumer must be:
- ACovered by a five-year manufacturer guarantee against all defects
- BOf satisfactory quality, fit for purpose and as described
- CSold below the recommended retail price
- DBrand new and in their original packaging
4.Medium
A hotel guest sees an exclusion notice in her room only after booking and paying at reception. Under Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel, the notice is:
- APart of the contract, because she stayed in the room
- BBinding from the second night onwards
- CPart of the contract, because hotels may exclude liability
- DNot part of the contract, because it came after formation
5.Medium
A promises to keep an offer open until Friday. On Thursday, B hears from a reliable third party that A has sold the property to someone else. Under Dickinson v Dodds:
- AB can accept and claim the property from the new buyer
- BThe offer stays open until Friday, as A promised
- CThe offer has been revoked, so B can no longer accept
- DB can sue A for breaking the promise to keep it open
6.Medium
At an auction in England, the contract of sale is completed when:
- AThe buyer collects the goods
- BThe auctioneer brings down the hammer
- CThe bidder makes the highest bid
- DThe auctioneer puts the item up for sale
7.Hard
A former spy publishes his memoirs in breach of his undertaking not to disclose official information. In AG v Blake, the House of Lords:
- AAwarded only nominal damages
- BAwarded punitive damages to the Crown
- COrdered him to account for his profits, in an exceptional case
- DHeld that no remedy was available
8.Hard
Specific performance is usually ordered when:
- AThe claimant asks for it in any case
- BThe defendant has no money
- CDamages would be an inadequate remedy, for example for unique goods or land
- DThe contract involves personal services, such as employment or performance contracts
Answer key
- 1. B · Protected, so many of their contracts are not enforceable against them
- 2. A · An invitation to treat
- 3. B · Of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose and as described
- 4. D · Not part of the contract, because it came after formation
- 5. C · The offer has been revoked, so B can no longer accept
- 6. B · The auctioneer brings down the hammer
- 7. C · Ordered him to account for his profits, in an exceptional case
- 8. C · Damages would be an inadequate remedy, for example for unique goods or land
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