1.Easy
Which of these is a "specific intent" offence in English law for the purposes of intoxication?
- ABattery
- BMurder
- CManslaughter
- DAssault occasioning actual bodily harm
2.Easy
In English law, "voluntary manslaughter" refers to:
- AA killing that the victim consented to in advance
- BA killing caused by an unlawful and dangerous act, without intent to kill
- CA killing with the mens rea for murder where a partial defence applies
- DA killing caused by gross negligence at work
3.Easy
Unlawful act manslaughter is a form of:
- AVoluntary manslaughter
- BDiminished responsibility
- CAttempted murder
- DInvoluntary manslaughter
4.Medium
Two adult friends agree to a fist fight in the street, and one breaks the other's nose. Following A-G's Reference (No 6 of 1980), consent is:
- AA full defence, because both adults freely agreed to the fight and accepted the risk of injury
- BA defence only if the fight was planned in advance
- CRelevant only to the sentence and never to guilt
- DNo defence, because a street fight causing actual bodily harm is not in the public interest
5.Medium
Involuntary intoxication can be a defence when:
- AThe defendant was less inhibited but still formed intent
- BThe defendant chose to drink heavily
- CIt meant the defendant lacked the required mens rea
- DThe offence is a strict liability offence
6.Medium
D, carrying an imitation gun and a threatening note, walks towards a post office to rob it but is arrested outside before entering. Under the Criminal Attempts Act 1981, D is most likely guilty of:
- AAttempted robbery, because D was carrying an imitation gun and a threatening note
- BNothing as attempted robbery yet, because D has not gone beyond preparation
- CRobbery, because the intention was proved
- DBurglary, because D intended to enter the building
7.Hard
In R v Evans (2009), D supplied heroin to her half-sister, who overdosed. D failed to seek help. The Court of Appeal held:
- ANo duty arose, because sisters owe each other no duties
- BD was liable because family members always owe each other a duty to seek medical help
- CD was guilty of murder, because she supplied the drug
- DA duty arose because D had contributed to a life-threatening situation she knew of
8.Hard
Why is the principle of "lex certa" important in criminal law?
- AOnly certain crimes can be prosecuted
- BCriminal laws must be clear enough for people to foresee what is punishable
- CLaws must be certain to be enforced, so the police have no discretion in applying them
- DJudges must be certain before sentencing
Answer key
- 1. B · Murder
- 2. C · A killing with the mens rea for murder where a partial defence applies
- 3. D · Involuntary manslaughter
- 4. D · No defence, because a street fight causing actual bodily harm is not in the public interest
- 5. C · It meant the defendant lacked the required mens rea
- 6. B · Nothing as attempted robbery yet, because D has not gone beyond preparation
- 7. D · A duty arose because D had contributed to a life-threatening situation she knew of
- 8. B · Criminal laws must be clear enough for people to foresee what is punishable
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