1.Easy
Which Act provides the statutory framework for reasonable force in self-defence and householder cases in England and Wales?
- AThe Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
- BThe Human Rights Act 1998
- CThe Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
- DThe Sexual Offences Act 2003
2.Easy
In Dutch criminal law, what distinguishes "moord" (Article 289 Sr) from "doodslag" (Article 287 Sr)?
- AMoord can only be committed against a police officer
- BMoord requires the use of a weapon
- CMoord requires more than one victim
- DMoord requires premeditation (voorbedachte raad)
3.Easy
Self-defence is generally a defence when the force used is:
- AUsed after the threat has ended
- BAs strong as possible
- CNecessary and reasonable in the circumstances
- DPlanned in advance as revenge
4.Medium
Strict liability offences are offences where:
- AThe defendant must confess
- BLiability arises only if the defendant was negligent as to every element
- COnly intentional acts count
- DNo mens rea is required for at least one element of the actus reus
5.Medium
D throws a paving stone off a bridge onto a train, killing the guard. D did not think anyone would be hurt. Following DPP v Newbury and Jones, D is guilty of:
- AMurder, as the act was likely to kill
- BUnlawful act manslaughter, as the act was unlawful and objectively dangerous
- CNo offence, as D did not subjectively foresee any risk of harm to anyone at all
- DGross negligence manslaughter only
6.Medium
D takes a college exam paper, reads it and returns it, planning to cheat. Following Oxford v Moss, D did not steal because:
- AConfidential information is not property under the Theft Act
- BExam papers have no economic value
- CD was a student at the college
- DThe paper itself was returned, so there was no intention to deprive
7.Hard
In R v Windle (1952), the court interpreted "wrong" in the M'Naghten Rules to mean:
- ALegally wrong
- BWrong according to the defendant's own beliefs
- CMorally wrong by society's standards
- DWrong in the eyes of a doctor
8.Hard
In English law, the partial defence of loss of control reduces murder to:
- AVoluntary manslaughter
- BInvoluntary manslaughter
- CGrievous bodily harm
- DAn acquittal
Answer key
- 1. C · The Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
- 2. D · Moord requires premeditation (voorbedachte raad)
- 3. C · Necessary and reasonable in the circumstances
- 4. D · No mens rea is required for at least one element of the actus reus
- 5. B · Unlawful act manslaughter, as the act was unlawful and objectively dangerous
- 6. A · Confidential information is not property under the Theft Act
- 7. A · Legally wrong
- 8. A · Voluntary manslaughter
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