1.Easy
In Dutch criminal law, "noodweer" (Article 41(1) Sr) is:
- AA justification for necessary defence against an immediate unlawful attack
- BA rule allowing police to stop and search people
- CA form of preparation for committing a crime
- DAn excuse based on a strong emotional disturbance caused by an unlawful attack
2.Easy
An attempt to commit a crime means:
- APlanning a crime in detail and buying the equipment needed later to commit it
- BCommitting the full offence
- CDoing more than merely preparatory acts with intent to commit the offence
- DTalking to a friend about a crime
3.Easy
Under section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957, who bears the burden of proving diminished responsibility?
- AThe judge, on the medical evidence alone
- BThe prosecution, beyond reasonable doubt
- CNobody, as the jury decides freely
- DThe defendant, on the balance of probabilities
4.Medium
D drives a car she believes is her own, but which is actually V's identical car. She is not guilty of theft because:
- AThe car was insured by V
- BShe is not dishonest and lacks intent to deprive another
- CShe returned it the next morning
- DCars cannot be stolen under the Theft Act
5.Medium
D and V are playing a properly organised rugby match. D tackles V within the rules and V breaks a leg. D is most likely:
- ALiable for battery, because consent is never a defence to serious bodily harm
- BLiable for GBH, because a serious injury was caused
- CLiable, because rugby is not a recognised sport
- DNot liable, because players consent to injuries within the rules of the game
6.Medium
The "thin skull" rule in criminal law means:
- AA frail victim breaks the chain of causation
- BThe victim's injuries must be foreseeable in extent
- CThe defendant must take the victim as they find them
- DOnly healthy victims are protected
7.Hard
In R v Windle (1952), the court interpreted "wrong" in the M'Naghten Rules to mean:
- ALegally wrong
- BWrong in the eyes of a doctor
- CMorally wrong by society's standards
- DWrong according to the defendant's own beliefs
8.Hard
In R v Whybrow (1951), the court held that the mens rea of attempted murder is:
- AAn intention to cause GBH
- BRecklessness as to causing death
- CAn intention to kill only
- DThe same as the mens rea of murder
Answer key
- 1. A · A justification for necessary defence against an immediate unlawful attack
- 2. C · Doing more than merely preparatory acts with intent to commit the offence
- 3. D · The defendant, on the balance of probabilities
- 4. B · She is not dishonest and lacks intent to deprive another
- 5. D · Not liable, because players consent to injuries within the rules of the game
- 6. C · The defendant must take the victim as they find them
- 7. A · Legally wrong
- 8. C · An intention to kill only
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.