1.Easy
Self-defence is generally a defence when the force used is:
- AAs strong as possible
- BNecessary and reasonable in the circumstances
- CPlanned in advance as revenge
- DUsed after the threat has ended
2.Easy
Under section 4 of the Theft Act 1968, which of these cannot normally be stolen?
- AMoney
- BLand
- CA bicycle
- DA bank balance
3.Easy
In Dutch criminal law, "noodweer" (Article 41(1) Sr) is:
- AA rule allowing police to stop and search people
- BAn excuse based on a strong emotional disturbance caused by an unlawful attack
- CA justification for necessary defence against an immediate unlawful attack
- DA form of preparation for committing a crime
4.Medium
D grabs V's handbag so forcefully that V's hand is pulled down. Following R v Clouden, this can be:
- AOnly theft, because there was no direct contact with V's body
- BRobbery, because force was used on the person to steal
- COnly battery, because the bag was not taken
- DBurglary, because the bag was V's property
5.Medium
D knocks over a candle by accident, sees a fire start, and walks away without doing anything. The house burns down. D is most likely:
- ALiable, because D created a dangerous situation and failed to act
- BNot liable, because the law imposes no duty to act to protect property
- CLiable only if D intended to start the fire initially
- DNot liable, because the fire started by accident
6.Medium
Oblique (indirect) intention in English law (R v Woollin) exists when:
- AThe defendant did not foresee any harm
- BDeath was a foreseeable consequence that a reasonable person would have appreciated
- CThe result was merely possible
- DDeath or serious harm was a virtual certainty and the defendant appreciated this
7.Hard
Which of these is NOT a qualifying trigger for the loss of control defence under section 55 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009?
- AThings said or done of an extremely grave character
- BSexual infidelity, considered on its own
- CA combination of fear of violence and grave provocation
- DA fear of serious violence from the victim
8.Hard
In R v Whybrow (1951), the court held that the mens rea of attempted murder is:
- ARecklessness as to causing death
- BThe same as the mens rea of murder
- CAn intention to kill only
- DAn intention to cause GBH
Answer key
- 1. B · Necessary and reasonable in the circumstances
- 2. B · Land
- 3. C · A justification for necessary defence against an immediate unlawful attack
- 4. B · Robbery, because force was used on the person to steal
- 5. A · Liable, because D created a dangerous situation and failed to act
- 6. D · Death or serious harm was a virtual certainty and the defendant appreciated this
- 7. B · Sexual infidelity, considered on its own
- 8. C · An intention to kill only
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