1.Easy
Automatism as a defence refers to:
- AActing without voluntary control over one's body
- BActing under the influence of strong anger
- CActing in the belief that the act is lawful
- DActing under threats from another person
2.Easy
In English law, "voluntary manslaughter" refers to:
- AA killing with the mens rea for murder where a partial defence applies
- BA killing caused by gross negligence at work
- CA killing that the victim consented to in advance
- DA killing caused by an unlawful and dangerous act, without intent to kill
3.Easy
Which statute contains the main non-fatal offences against the person in England and Wales (ABH, wounding, GBH)?
- AThe Theft Act 1968
- BThe Criminal Damage Act 1971
- CThe Homicide Act 1957
- DThe Offences Against the Person Act 1861
4.Medium
Strict liability offences are offences where:
- AThe defendant must confess
- BOnly intentional acts count
- CNo mens rea is required for at least one element of the actus reus
- DLiability arises only if the defendant was negligent as to every element
5.Medium
Oblique (indirect) intention in English law (R v Woollin) exists when:
- AThe result was merely possible
- BThe defendant did not foresee any harm
- CDeath or serious harm was a virtual certainty and the defendant appreciated this
- DDeath was a foreseeable consequence that a reasonable person would have appreciated
6.Medium
Two adult friends agree to a fist fight in the street, and one breaks the other's nose. Following A-G's Reference (No 6 of 1980), consent is:
- ANo defence, because a street fight causing actual bodily harm is not in the public interest
- BA defence only if the fight was planned in advance
- CRelevant only to the sentence and never to guilt
- DA full defence, because both adults freely agreed to the fight and accepted the risk of injury
7.Hard
In R v Lloyd (1985), a cinema employee lent films to be copied and returned them within hours. The court held there was no theft because:
- AFilms are intangible property that cannot be stolen
- BCopying films was not illegal at the time
- CThe employee had the cinema's permission to borrow the films for a short time
- DThe films were returned with their "goodness or virtue" not wholly exhausted
8.Hard
Under the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007, an organisation is guilty if the way its activities are managed causes death and amounts to a gross breach of a duty of care, and:
- AThe organisation intended to cause death
- BA single identified director is first personally convicted of gross negligence manslaughter
- CThe victim was an employee of the organisation
- DThe way senior management organised the activities was a substantial element of the breach
Answer key
- 1. A · Acting without voluntary control over one's body
- 2. A · A killing with the mens rea for murder where a partial defence applies
- 3. D · The Offences Against the Person Act 1861
- 4. C · No mens rea is required for at least one element of the actus reus
- 5. C · Death or serious harm was a virtual certainty and the defendant appreciated this
- 6. A · No defence, because a street fight causing actual bodily harm is not in the public interest
- 7. D · The films were returned with their "goodness or virtue" not wholly exhausted
- 8. D · The way senior management organised the activities was a substantial element of the breach
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