1.Easy
The defence of duress requires a threat of:
- ADamage to one's property
- BLosing one's job
- CPublic embarrassment
- DDeath or serious injury
2.Easy
In English law, rape is defined in which statute?
- AThe Sexual Offences Act 2003
- BThe Protection from Harassment Act 1997
- CThe Offences Against the Person Act 1861
- DThe Criminal Justice Act 1988
3.Easy
What is the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales?
- A16
- B12
- C14
- D10
4.Medium
D throws a glass of beer over V intending only to wet her; the glass slips and cuts V. Following R v Savage, D's liability under section 47 OAPA requires:
- AOnly the mens rea of assault or battery, with no foresight of harm needed
- BForesight that at least some actual bodily harm would result from the assault
- CIntention to cause actual bodily harm
- DForesight that grievous bodily harm would be caused
5.Medium
Strict liability offences are offences where:
- ALiability arises only if the defendant was negligent as to every element
- BThe defendant must confess
- COnly intentional acts count
- DNo mens rea is required for at least one element of the actus reus
6.Medium
D drives a car she believes is her own, but which is actually V's identical car. She is not guilty of theft because:
- AShe is not dishonest and lacks intent to deprive another
- BThe car was insured by V
- CShe returned it the next morning
- DCars cannot be stolen under the Theft Act
7.Hard
Why is the principle of "lex certa" important in criminal law?
- ACriminal laws must be clear enough for people to foresee what is punishable
- BLaws must be certain to be enforced, so the police have no discretion in applying them
- COnly certain crimes can be prosecuted
- DJudges must be certain before sentencing
8.Hard
In R v Hancock and Shankland (1986), striking miners pushed a concrete block onto a taxi, killing the driver. The House of Lords held:
- AThe miners intended to kill because death was their aim
- BForesight of a high probability of death or serious injury is conclusive proof of intention as a matter of law
- CIntention can never be inferred from foresight
- DForesight of a high probability is evidence from which intention may be inferred, but is not intention itself
Answer key
- 1. D · Death or serious injury
- 2. A · The Sexual Offences Act 2003
- 3. D · 10
- 4. A · Only the mens rea of assault or battery, with no foresight of harm needed
- 5. D · No mens rea is required for at least one element of the actus reus
- 6. A · She is not dishonest and lacks intent to deprive another
- 7. A · Criminal laws must be clear enough for people to foresee what is punishable
- 8. D · Foresight of a high probability is evidence from which intention may be inferred, but is not intention itself
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