1.Easy
Which case is known for the "golden thread" that the prosecution must prove the defendant's guilt?
- AR v Brown
- BWoolmington v DPP
- CCarlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co
- DDonoghue v Stevenson
2.Easy
Diminished responsibility is a partial defence available only to a charge of:
- ARape
- BRobbery
- CTheft
- DMurder
3.Easy
In criminal cases, the prosecution must usually prove guilt:
- AWith a confession
- BBeyond reasonable doubt
- CWith at least three witnesses
- DOn the balance of probabilities
4.Medium
D, who honestly but wrongly believes V is attacking a stranger, punches V. Following R v Williams (Gladstone), D:
- AMust prove the belief on the balance of probabilities
- BIs judged on the facts as D honestly believed them to be
- CIs liable, because the mistaken belief was not based on reasonable grounds
- DIs liable, because the mistake was about the facts
5.Medium
D throws a paving stone off a bridge onto a train, killing the guard. D did not think anyone would be hurt. Following DPP v Newbury and Jones, D is guilty of:
- AGross negligence manslaughter only
- BMurder, as the act was likely to kill
- CNo offence, as D did not subjectively foresee any risk of harm to anyone at all
- DUnlawful act manslaughter, as the act was unlawful and objectively dangerous
6.Medium
The "thin skull" rule in criminal law means:
- AThe defendant must take the victim as they find them
- BA frail victim breaks the chain of causation
- COnly healthy victims are protected
- DThe victim's injuries must be foreseeable in extent
7.Hard
In R v Whybrow (1951), the court held that the mens rea of attempted murder is:
- ARecklessness as to causing death
- BAn intention to kill only
- CThe same as the mens rea of murder
- DAn intention to cause GBH
8.Hard
In Sweet v Parsley (1970), a landlady was convicted of being concerned in the management of premises used for smoking cannabis. The House of Lords:
- AQuashed the conviction, holding that mens rea is presumed unless Parliament clearly excludes it
- BUpheld the conviction because drug offences are always strict liability in order to protect public health
- CHeld that landladies have a duty to search their tenants
- DHeld that cannabis offences require a commercial purpose
Answer key
- 1. B · Woolmington v DPP
- 2. D · Murder
- 3. B · Beyond reasonable doubt
- 4. B · Is judged on the facts as D honestly believed them to be
- 5. D · Unlawful act manslaughter, as the act was unlawful and objectively dangerous
- 6. A · The defendant must take the victim as they find them
- 7. B · An intention to kill only
- 8. A · Quashed the conviction, holding that mens rea is presumed unless Parliament clearly excludes it
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