1.Easy
Diminished responsibility is a partial defence available only to a charge of:
- AMurder
- BRobbery
- CRape
- DTheft
2.Easy
An attempt to commit a crime means:
- ACommitting the full offence
- BDoing more than merely preparatory acts with intent to commit the offence
- CTalking to a friend about a crime
- DPlanning a crime in detail and buying the equipment needed later to commit it
3.Easy
Which sentence must a court impose on an adult convicted of murder in England and Wales?
- AA suspended sentence
- BLife imprisonment
- CA fixed term of 10 years
- DA community order
4.Medium
D drives on the pavement to escape a man who is threatening to kill him. The most suitable defence is:
- ALoss of control
- BConsent
- CDuress of circumstances
- DDiminished responsibility
5.Medium
Strict liability offences are offences where:
- ALiability arises only if the defendant was negligent as to every element
- BOnly intentional acts count
- CThe defendant must confess
- DNo mens rea is required for at least one element of the actus reus
6.Medium
Two adult friends agree to a fist fight in the street, and one breaks the other's nose. Following A-G's Reference (No 6 of 1980), consent is:
- ANo defence, because a street fight causing actual bodily harm is not in the public interest
- BA full defence, because both adults freely agreed to the fight and accepted the risk of injury
- CRelevant only to the sentence and never to guilt
- DA defence only if the fight was planned in advance
7.Hard
In R v Gullefer (1990), D ran onto a greyhound track to get the race declared void and recover his bet. The Court of Appeal held:
- AHe was guilty of attempted theft, as running onto the track was more than preparatory
- BAttempt requires the last act before the crime
- CHis acts were merely preparatory, as he had not embarked on the "crime proper"
- DImpossibility gave him a complete defence
8.Hard
In Tesco Supermarkets v Nattrass (1972), Tesco avoided liability because:
- ACompanies can never commit offences that require proof of any mental element
- BThe customer had not paid for the goods
- CThe offence was a strict liability offence
- DThe store manager was not part of the company's "directing mind and will"
Answer key
- 1. A · Murder
- 2. B · Doing more than merely preparatory acts with intent to commit the offence
- 3. B · Life imprisonment
- 4. C · Duress of circumstances
- 5. D · No mens rea is required for at least one element of the actus reus
- 6. A · No defence, because a street fight causing actual bodily harm is not in the public interest
- 7. C · His acts were merely preparatory, as he had not embarked on the "crime proper"
- 8. D · The store manager was not part of the company's "directing mind and will"
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