1.Easy
In Dutch criminal law, what distinguishes "moord" (Article 289 Sr) from "doodslag" (Article 287 Sr)?
- AMoord requires more than one victim
- BMoord can only be committed against a police officer
- CMoord requires the use of a weapon
- DMoord requires premeditation (voorbedachte raad)
2.Easy
What is the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales?
- A16
- B12
- C14
- D10
3.Easy
In England and Wales, which body decides on charges in most serious cases and conducts public prosecutions?
- AThe Crown Prosecution Service
- BThe Magistrates' Association
- CThe Law Commission
- DThe Home Office
4.Medium
D throws a glass of beer over V intending only to wet her; the glass slips and cuts V. Following R v Savage, D's liability under section 47 OAPA requires:
- AIntention to cause actual bodily harm
- BForesight that grievous bodily harm would be caused
- COnly the mens rea of assault or battery, with no foresight of harm needed
- DForesight that at least some actual bodily harm would result from the assault
5.Medium
D takes V's bag and is seen; a few seconds later D ties V up to escape. Following R v Hale, D is guilty of robbery because:
- AAppropriation is a continuing act, so the force was used at the time of the theft
- BThe bag was later recovered by the police
- CTying up a victim is robbery even without theft
- DAny force used on the victim within an hour of the theft automatically turns it into robbery
6.Medium
Two adult friends agree to a fist fight in the street, and one breaks the other's nose. Following A-G's Reference (No 6 of 1980), consent is:
- ANo defence, because a street fight causing actual bodily harm is not in the public interest
- BA full defence, because both adults freely agreed to the fight and accepted the risk of injury
- CRelevant only to the sentence and never to guilt
- DA defence only if the fight was planned in advance
7.Hard
In Sweet v Parsley (1970), a landlady was convicted of being concerned in the management of premises used for smoking cannabis. The House of Lords:
- AUpheld the conviction because drug offences are always strict liability in order to protect public health
- BQuashed the conviction, holding that mens rea is presumed unless Parliament clearly excludes it
- CHeld that cannabis offences require a commercial purpose
- DHeld that landladies have a duty to search their tenants
8.Hard
Conspiracy in English law requires:
- AAt least one of the conspirators to have carried out an overt act towards committing the agreed crime
- BAn agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, with intent that it be carried out
- CThe crime to be actually committed
- DA written plan
Answer key
- 1. D · Moord requires premeditation (voorbedachte raad)
- 2. D · 10
- 3. A · The Crown Prosecution Service
- 4. C · Only the mens rea of assault or battery, with no foresight of harm needed
- 5. A · Appropriation is a continuing act, so the force was used at the time of the theft
- 6. A · No defence, because a street fight causing actual bodily harm is not in the public interest
- 7. B · Quashed the conviction, holding that mens rea is presumed unless Parliament clearly excludes it
- 8. B · An agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, with intent that it be carried out
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