1.Easy
What is the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales?
- A12
- B10
- C14
- D16
2.Easy
Under section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957, who bears the burden of proving diminished responsibility?
- AThe prosecution, beyond reasonable doubt
- BNobody, as the jury decides freely
- CThe defendant, on the balance of probabilities
- DThe judge, on the medical evidence alone
3.Easy
An omission (failure to act) can lead to criminal liability when:
- AAny person failed to help a stranger
- BThe defendant had a legal duty to act
- CThe defendant was asleep
- DNever, in any legal system
4.Medium
D makes repeated silent phone calls to V, causing her psychiatric illness. Following R v Ireland, D can be guilty of:
- AAn assault, as silent calls can cause apprehension of immediate force
- BNo offence, because words or silence can never amount to an assault in law
- COnly a civil wrong, because no physical harm occurred
- DOnly harassment, because no force was used
5.Medium
Involuntary intoxication can be a defence when:
- AThe defendant chose to drink heavily
- BThe offence is a strict liability offence
- CIt meant the defendant lacked the required mens rea
- DThe defendant was less inhibited but still formed intent
6.Medium
D drinks heavily to gain courage before killing V, as planned. Following A-G for Northern Ireland v Gallagher, D:
- ACan rely on intoxication because murder is a specific intent offence
- BHas a defence of involuntary intoxication
- CCan only be guilty of manslaughter
- DCannot rely on intoxication, because the intent to kill was formed before drinking
7.Hard
In R v Gullefer (1990), D ran onto a greyhound track to get the race declared void and recover his bet. The Court of Appeal held:
- AAttempt requires the last act before the crime
- BImpossibility gave him a complete defence
- CHis acts were merely preparatory, as he had not embarked on the "crime proper"
- DHe was guilty of attempted theft, as running onto the track was more than preparatory
8.Hard
In R v Lloyd (1985), a cinema employee lent films to be copied and returned them within hours. The court held there was no theft because:
- AThe films were returned with their "goodness or virtue" not wholly exhausted
- BFilms are intangible property that cannot be stolen
- CThe employee had the cinema's permission to borrow the films for a short time
- DCopying films was not illegal at the time
Answer key
- 1. B · 10
- 2. C · The defendant, on the balance of probabilities
- 3. B · The defendant had a legal duty to act
- 4. A · An assault, as silent calls can cause apprehension of immediate force
- 5. C · It meant the defendant lacked the required mens rea
- 6. D · Cannot rely on intoxication, because the intent to kill was formed before drinking
- 7. C · His acts were merely preparatory, as he had not embarked on the "crime proper"
- 8. A · The films were returned with their "goodness or virtue" not wholly exhausted
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