1.Easy
Which Act created the offences of fraud by false representation, failing to disclose information and abuse of position?
- AThe Theft Act 1978
- BThe Serious Crime Act 2007
- CThe Fraud Act 2006
- DThe Criminal Justice Act 1988
2.Easy
In English law, theft is defined in section 1 of the Theft Act 1968 as:
- AUsing force to obtain property belonging to another person
- BDishonestly taking property belonging to another without consent, with intention to use it and later return it
- CDishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with intention to permanently deprive the other of it
- DBorrowing property from another person without asking first
3.Easy
Which two elements usually make up a criminal offence?
- AOffer and acceptance
- BDuty and breach
- CActus reus and mens rea
- DMotive and opportunity
4.Medium
D makes repeated silent phone calls to V, causing her psychiatric illness. Following R v Ireland, D can be guilty of:
- AOnly harassment, because no force was used
- BOnly a civil wrong, because no physical harm occurred
- CNo offence, because words or silence can never amount to an assault in law
- DAn assault, as silent calls can cause apprehension of immediate force
5.Medium
D takes a college exam paper, reads it and returns it, planning to cheat. Following Oxford v Moss, D did not steal because:
- AConfidential information is not property under the Theft Act
- BExam papers have no economic value
- CThe paper itself was returned, so there was no intention to deprive
- DD was a student at the college
6.Medium
D swaps price labels on two items in a supermarket, intending to pay the lower price. Following R v Morris, the appropriation took place when D:
- APut the item in the trolley
- BLeft the shop without paying
- CPaid at the checkout
- DSwitched the labels, assuming one of the owner's rights
7.Hard
In R v Jordan (1956), the court held the chain of causation was broken because:
- AThe victim refused a blood transfusion for religious reasons, which was unforeseeable
- BA second attacker stabbed the victim again in hospital
- CThe medical treatment was "palpably wrong" and the wound had mainly healed
- DThe victim had an unusually thin skull
8.Hard
In R v Gullefer (1990), D ran onto a greyhound track to get the race declared void and recover his bet. The Court of Appeal held:
- AAttempt requires the last act before the crime
- BHis acts were merely preparatory, as he had not embarked on the "crime proper"
- CHe was guilty of attempted theft, as running onto the track was more than preparatory
- DImpossibility gave him a complete defence
Answer key
- 1. C · The Fraud Act 2006
- 2. C · Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with intention to permanently deprive the other of it
- 3. C · Actus reus and mens rea
- 4. D · An assault, as silent calls can cause apprehension of immediate force
- 5. A · Confidential information is not property under the Theft Act
- 6. D · Switched the labels, assuming one of the owner's rights
- 7. C · The medical treatment was "palpably wrong" and the wound had mainly healed
- 8. B · His acts were merely preparatory, as he had not embarked on the "crime proper"
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