1.Easy
A toddler says "Daddy go car" and "want milk". This stage of language is called:
- ACooing
- BOverregularisation
- CBabbling
- DTelegraphic speech
2.Easy
Conservation is the understanding that:
- AOther people have beliefs
- BQuantity stays the same when its appearance changes
- CRules of a game can be changed if all the players agree
- DObjects exist when out of sight
3.Easy
According to Erikson, the main conflict of adolescence is:
- AIntegrity versus despair
- BIdentity versus role confusion
- CIntimacy versus isolation
- DTrust versus mistrust
4.Medium
A girl pays close attention to information about "girls' toys" and quickly forgets details about "boys' toys". Which theory best explains this?
- APsychoanalytic theory
- BAttachment theory
- CEcological systems theory
- DGender schema theory
5.Medium
Asked about the Heinz dilemma, a teenager says "Heinz should steal the drug because a good husband would do that for his wife". This reasoning is at Kohlberg's:
- APost-conventional level
- BPre-conventional level
- CSensorimotor level
- DConventional level
6.Medium
Kagan described some toddlers who are consistently shy, cautious and quiet with unfamiliar people and situations. This temperament is called:
- ALearned helplessness
- BIdentity diffusion
- CDisorganised attachment
- DBehavioural inhibition
7.Hard
A child is shown a Smarties tube, guesses it contains sweets, and finds pencils. Asked what a friend who has not looked will think is inside, a typical 3-year-old says "pencils". This shows:
- ADifficulty understanding false beliefs
- BAn advanced theory of mind
- CA lack of object permanence
- DA failure to conserve quantity
8.Hard
Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis of Strange Situation studies in many countries found that:
- AAvoidant attachment was the most common type in nearly every country studied
- BAttachment type proportions were the same in every country studied
- CSecure was most common everywhere; variation within countries was larger
- DSecure attachment was common only in Western, individualist countries
Answer key
- 1. D · Telegraphic speech
- 2. B · Quantity stays the same when its appearance changes
- 3. B · Identity versus role confusion
- 4. D · Gender schema theory
- 5. D · Conventional level
- 6. D · Behavioural inhibition
- 7. A · Difficulty understanding false beliefs
- 8. C · Secure was most common everywhere; variation within countries was larger
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