1.Easy
Differences between age groups that are caused by growing up in different historical times are called:
- ACeiling effects
- BOrder effects
- CCohort effects
- DPractice effects
2.Easy
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, a child's family, school and friends belong to the:
- AExosystem
- BMacrosystem
- CMicrosystem
- DMesosystem
3.Easy
Who developed attachment theory?
- AAlbert Bandura
- BB. F. Skinner
- CJean Piaget
- DJohn Bowlby
4.Medium
Which feature is typical of infant-directed speech ("parentese")?
- AFast speech with very few pauses
- BA flat, quiet and monotonous tone
- CLong sentences with complex grammar
- DHigher pitch and exaggerated intonation
5.Medium
In Kohlberg's theory, a person who judges right and wrong mainly by avoiding punishment is at which level?
- AFormal operational
- BPre-conventional
- CPost-conventional
- DConventional
6.Medium
Shown 7 roses and 3 tulips, a 5-year-old says there are more roses than flowers. Which ability is still lacking?
- AClass inclusion
- BDeferred imitation
- CObject permanence
- DTheory of mind
7.Hard
Ainsworth's sensitivity hypothesis proposes that secure attachment results mainly from:
- AThe caregiver responding promptly and appropriately to the infant's signals
- BStrict feeding schedules
- CThe amount of time the infant spends with any adult
- DThe infant's genetic temperament only
8.Hard
On a visual cliff set to a moderate drop, most infants crossed when their mother smiled but few crossed when she showed fear. This shows:
- AThat infants cannot perceive depth
- BThat infants ignore their caregivers' facial expressions in new situations
- CImprinting on the mother's face
- DSocial referencing: using a caregiver's emotion to guide behaviour
Answer key
- 1. C · Cohort effects
- 2. C · Microsystem
- 3. D · John Bowlby
- 4. D · Higher pitch and exaggerated intonation
- 5. B · Pre-conventional
- 6. A · Class inclusion
- 7. A · The caregiver responding promptly and appropriately to the infant's signals
- 8. D · Social referencing: using a caregiver's emotion to guide behaviour
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