1.Easy
Repetitive syllables such as "ba-ba-ba" in an infant's vocalisations are called:
- ATelegraphic speech
- BBabbling
- CCooing
- DHolophrases
2.Easy
A preoperational child says the sun is following her because it wants to play. This is an example of:
- AReversibility
- BAnimism
- CSeriation
- DConservation
3.Easy
According to Erikson, the main conflict of infancy is:
- AInitiative versus guilt
- BAutonomy versus shame and doubt
- CTrust versus mistrust
- DIndustry versus inferiority
4.Medium
Someone argues that Heinz should steal the drug because the right to life is more important than any property law. This reasoning is:
- APost-conventional
- BConventional
- CHeteronomous
- DPre-conventional
5.Medium
Shown 7 roses and 3 tulips, a 5-year-old says there are more roses than flowers. Which ability is still lacking?
- ADeferred imitation
- BClass inclusion
- CTheory of mind
- DObject permanence
6.Medium
Older adults often prefer spending time with a few close friends rather than meeting new people. Carstensen's socioemotional selectivity theory explains this as:
- AA gradual loss of social skills that tends to come with increasing age
- BFear of strangers that grows steadily in later life
- CFocusing on emotionally meaningful goals as time feels shorter
- DA decline in crystallised intelligence and memory
7.Hard
Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis of Strange Situation studies in many countries found that:
- AAvoidant attachment was the most common type in nearly every country studied
- BAttachment type proportions were the same in every country studied
- CSecure attachment was common only in Western, individualist countries
- DSecure was most common everywhere; variation within countries was larger
8.Hard
A child is shown a Smarties tube, guesses it contains sweets, and finds pencils. Asked what a friend who has not looked will think is inside, a typical 3-year-old says "pencils". This shows:
- AAn advanced theory of mind
- BDifficulty understanding false beliefs
- CA lack of object permanence
- DA failure to conserve quantity
Answer key
- 1. B · Babbling
- 2. B · Animism
- 3. C · Trust versus mistrust
- 4. A · Post-conventional
- 5. B · Class inclusion
- 6. C · Focusing on emotionally meaningful goals as time feels shorter
- 7. D · Secure was most common everywhere; variation within countries was larger
- 8. B · Difficulty understanding false beliefs
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