1.Easy
Understanding that an action can be mentally undone, such as pouring water back into the first glass, is called:
- AAnimism
- BCentration
- CEgocentrism
- DReversibility
2.Easy
A child understands that she will stay a girl even if she cuts her hair short or plays football. Kohlberg called this:
- AGender typing
- BGender role
- CGender schema
- DGender constancy
3.Easy
A toddler says "Daddy go car" and "want milk". This stage of language is called:
- ABabbling
- BOverregularisation
- CCooing
- DTelegraphic speech
4.Medium
Which attachment type is shown by an infant who is very distressed at separation and both seeks and resists contact at reunion?
- ASecure
- BDisorganised only
- CInsecure-avoidant
- DInsecure-resistant (ambivalent)
5.Medium
Bandura's Bobo doll study demonstrated:
- AChildren only imitate other children
- BAggression is purely genetic
- CChildren learn aggressive behaviour by observing adults
- DPunishment of a model always reduces children's aggression
6.Medium
In Kohlberg's theory, a person who judges right and wrong mainly by avoiding punishment is at which level?
- APre-conventional
- BPost-conventional
- CFormal operational
- DConventional
7.Hard
Turiel found that young children say hitting is wrong even if a teacher allows it, but wearing pyjamas to school is fine if the teacher allows it. This suggests children:
- ADistinguish moral rules from social conventions early
- BThink that clothing rules are more serious than hitting
- CJudge all rules only by adult authority
- DHave no understanding of rules before age 7
8.Hard
Japanese infants in early Strange Situation studies showed high rates of resistant attachment and very little avoidance. One common explanation is that:
- AThey were rarely separated from mothers, so the test was unusually stressful
- BJapanese fathers did most of the caregiving in these families
- CJapanese infants are genetically more anxious than infants elsewhere
- DJapanese mothers in these samples were usually insensitive towards their infants
Answer key
- 1. D · Reversibility
- 2. D · Gender constancy
- 3. D · Telegraphic speech
- 4. D · Insecure-resistant (ambivalent)
- 5. C · Children learn aggressive behaviour by observing adults
- 6. A · Pre-conventional
- 7. A · Distinguish moral rules from social conventions early
- 8. A · They were rarely separated from mothers, so the test was unusually stressful
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