1.Easy
Bowlby's idea that infants form one special primary attachment, usually to the mother, is called:
- AMonotropy
- BImprinting
- CScaffolding
- DTemperament
2.Easy
Parents who show little warmth and make few demands, and are largely disengaged from their child, show which style?
- AAuthoritarian (strict)
- BAuthoritative
- CPermissive (indulgent)
- DUninvolved (neglectful)
3.Easy
According to Erikson, the main conflict of adolescence is:
- AIntegrity versus despair
- BIdentity versus role confusion
- CIntimacy versus isolation
- DTrust versus mistrust
4.Medium
A parent's stressful workplace affects a child's home life, although the child never goes there. In Bronfenbrenner's theory, the workplace is part of the child's:
- AExosystem
- BMesosystem
- CChronosystem
- DMicrosystem
5.Medium
Habituation in infant research is used to show that babies:
- APrefer their own reflection
- BAre born with full adult vision
- CCan tell two stimuli apart because interest returns when the stimulus changes
- DBecome drowsy and sleep more when the same stimulus is presented over and over again
6.Medium
Kagan described some toddlers who are consistently shy, cautious and quiet with unfamiliar people and situations. This temperament is called:
- AIdentity diffusion
- BBehavioural inhibition
- CDisorganised attachment
- DLearned helplessness
7.Hard
Adolescents take more risks in a driving game when friends are watching, but adults are less affected. Steinberg explains this mainly by:
- AAdolescents being unable to understand the rules of the driving game
- BAdults being less aware of risks than adolescents are
- CAdolescents having faster reaction times than adults do
- DReward systems maturing earlier than prefrontal self-control
8.Hard
In Tronick's "still-face" procedure, a mother suddenly stops responding and keeps a neutral face. Infants typically react by:
- AIgnoring the change and carrying on playing as before
- BTrying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
- CSmiling and babbling much more than before the change
- DTurning to the experimenter instead and staying calm throughout
Answer key
- 1. A · Monotropy
- 2. D · Uninvolved (neglectful)
- 3. B · Identity versus role confusion
- 4. A · Exosystem
- 5. C · Can tell two stimuli apart because interest returns when the stimulus changes
- 6. B · Behavioural inhibition
- 7. D · Reward systems maturing earlier than prefrontal self-control
- 8. B · Trying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
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