1.Easy
Harlow's monkey experiments showed that infant monkeys preferred:
- AOther infant monkeys only
- BA soft cloth mother without food over a wire mother with food
- CBeing alone to having any mother
- DA wire mother with food over a cloth mother without any food
2.Easy
A teenager feels that everyone at school will notice a small spot on her face. Elkind called this belief the:
- AImaginary audience
- BMoral realism
- CIdentity crisis
- DPersonal fable
3.Easy
The "rouge test", in which a mark is placed on a child's nose before they look in a mirror, measures:
- AUnderstanding false beliefs
- BObject permanence
- CVisual self-recognition
- DDepth perception
4.Medium
Scaffolding refers to:
- ALetting children discover everything alone
- BBuilding one fixed curriculum that every child must follow in order
- CPunishing errors so they are not repeated
- DSupport given to a learner that is reduced as competence grows
5.Medium
A 9-month-old finds a toy hidden under cloth A several times. The toy is then hidden under cloth B in full view, but the infant searches under A again. This is:
- AAnimism
- BCentration
- CConservation failure
- DThe A-not-B error
6.Medium
Fantz showed infants pairs of patterns and measured how long they looked at each. Many young infants looked longest at:
- ABlank grey cards
- BPrinted text
- CPlain coloured discs
- DFace-like patterns
7.Hard
In a Bobo doll variation, children who saw a model punished imitated less aggression, but when all children were offered rewards to copy the model, the differences disappeared. This shows:
- AThat children learn only through direct reinforcement of their own actions
- BThat aggression is entirely innate
- CThat punishment prevents any learning
- DA difference between learning a behaviour and performing it
8.Hard
Parents who love reading pass on genes linked to verbal ability and also fill the house with books. This is which gene–environment correlation?
- AGene–environment interaction
- BPassive
- CActive (niche-picking)
- DEvocative
Answer key
- 1. B · A soft cloth mother without food over a wire mother with food
- 2. A · Imaginary audience
- 3. C · Visual self-recognition
- 4. D · Support given to a learner that is reduced as competence grows
- 5. D · The A-not-B error
- 6. D · Face-like patterns
- 7. D · A difference between learning a behaviour and performing it
- 8. B · Passive
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