1.Easy
A toddler says "Daddy go car" and "want milk". This stage of language is called:
- ATelegraphic speech
- BBabbling
- CCooing
- DOverregularisation
2.Easy
Bowlby's idea that infants form one special primary attachment, usually to the mother, is called:
- ATemperament
- BScaffolding
- CMonotropy
- DImprinting
3.Easy
A baby throws its arms outwards and then pulls them in after a sudden loud noise. This is the:
- ASucking reflex
- BStepping reflex
- CMoro reflex
- DRooting reflex
4.Medium
In Kohlberg's theory, a person who judges right and wrong mainly by avoiding punishment is at which level?
- AConventional
- BFormal operational
- CPost-conventional
- DPre-conventional
5.Medium
Bandura's Bobo doll study demonstrated:
- AChildren learn aggressive behaviour by observing adults
- BChildren only imitate other children
- CAggression is purely genetic
- DPunishment of a model always reduces children's aggression
6.Medium
In Vygotsky's theory, an older sibling who helps a child learn to tie shoelaces is acting as:
- AAn imaginary audience
- BA more knowledgeable other
- CA primary attachment figure
- DA formal operational thinker
7.Hard
Samuel and Bryant asked children about conservation only once, after the transformation, instead of before and after. Their results showed that:
- ANo child could conserve before age 11 in either version of the task
- BChildren did better, suggesting the two-question format misled them
- CChildren did worse than in Piaget's version, so he overestimated them
- DThe number of questions asked made no difference to the results
8.Hard
Wynn showed 5-month-olds one doll, then a second doll being added behind a screen. When the screen dropped to reveal only one doll, infants looked longer. This suggests infants:
- AHave already learned to count aloud
- BCannot see objects behind screens
- CHave basic expectations about small numbers
- DPrefer one doll to two dolls
Answer key
- 1. A · Telegraphic speech
- 2. C · Monotropy
- 3. C · Moro reflex
- 4. D · Pre-conventional
- 5. A · Children learn aggressive behaviour by observing adults
- 6. B · A more knowledgeable other
- 7. B · Children did better, suggesting the two-question format misled them
- 8. C · Have basic expectations about small numbers
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