1.Easy
Two toddlers play with blocks side by side but do not interact with each other. Parten called this:
- AAssociative play
- BParallel play
- CSolitary play
- DCooperative play
2.Easy
A teratogen is:
- AAn outside agent that can harm prenatal development
- BA reflex that is present in newborn babies only
- CA gene that controls the timing of puberty in teens
- DA hormone released by the placenta to start labour
3.Easy
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is caused by:
- AA single inherited gene
- BDrinking alcohol in early childhood
- CAlcohol exposure before birth
- DToo little sleep during infancy
4.Medium
A 3-year-old hears a new word once, "This is the chromium tray", and later picks out the correct tray. This is called:
- ATelegraphic speech
- BFast mapping
- COverextension
- DBabbling
5.Medium
The Sally–Anne task is used to test whether a child has:
- AObject permanence
- BTheory of mind
- CConservation of number
- DSecure attachment
6.Medium
Bandura's Bobo doll study demonstrated:
- AChildren learn aggressive behaviour by observing adults
- BPunishment of a model always reduces children's aggression
- CAggression is purely genetic
- DChildren only imitate other children
7.Hard
A child is shown a Smarties tube, guesses it contains sweets, and finds pencils. Asked what a friend who has not looked will think is inside, a typical 3-year-old says "pencils". This shows:
- ADifficulty understanding false beliefs
- BA lack of object permanence
- CAn advanced theory of mind
- DA failure to conserve quantity
8.Hard
Rovee-Collier tied a ribbon from a mobile to infants' ankles so that kicking moved it. Days later, infants kicked more on seeing the same mobile. This shows that young infants:
- ARemember only events that happened to others
- BCannot form any long-term memories
- CCan retain learned associations over days
- DOnly remember things they can name
Answer key
- 1. B · Parallel play
- 2. A · An outside agent that can harm prenatal development
- 3. C · Alcohol exposure before birth
- 4. B · Fast mapping
- 5. B · Theory of mind
- 6. A · Children learn aggressive behaviour by observing adults
- 7. A · Difficulty understanding false beliefs
- 8. C · Can retain learned associations over days
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