1.Easy
Who introduced the "zone of proximal development"?
- ALawrence Kohlberg
- BJean Piaget
- CLev Vygotsky
- DJohn Bowlby
2.Easy
A child understands that she will stay a girl even if she cuts her hair short or plays football. Kohlberg called this:
- AGender role
- BGender constancy
- CGender schema
- DGender typing
3.Easy
Who developed attachment theory?
- AB. F. Skinner
- BJohn Bowlby
- CJean Piaget
- DAlbert Bandura
4.Medium
In Kohlberg's theory, a person who judges right and wrong mainly by avoiding punishment is at which level?
- AConventional
- BFormal operational
- CPre-conventional
- DPost-conventional
5.Medium
Shown 7 roses and 3 tulips, a 5-year-old says there are more roses than flowers. Which ability is still lacking?
- AClass inclusion
- BTheory of mind
- CDeferred imitation
- DObject permanence
6.Medium
Which ability is most likely to decline from early adulthood onwards?
- AKnowledge of word meanings
- BExpertise in one's own profession
- CGeneral knowledge about the world
- DSpeed in solving new, unfamiliar problems
7.Hard
Which finding challenges the idea that attachment forms only with the mother?
- ABowlby found no effect of separation
- BSchaffer and Emerson found many infants form multiple attachments, including to fathers
- CInfants only attach to the person who feeds them
- DHarlow's monkeys preferred wire mothers
8.Hard
Ainsworth's sensitivity hypothesis proposes that secure attachment results mainly from:
- AStrict feeding schedules
- BThe caregiver responding promptly and appropriately to the infant's signals
- CThe infant's genetic temperament only
- DThe amount of time the infant spends with any adult
Answer key
- 1. C · Lev Vygotsky
- 2. B · Gender constancy
- 3. B · John Bowlby
- 4. C · Pre-conventional
- 5. A · Class inclusion
- 6. D · Speed in solving new, unfamiliar problems
- 7. B · Schaffer and Emerson found many infants form multiple attachments, including to fathers
- 8. B · The caregiver responding promptly and appropriately to the infant's signals
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