1.Easy
At what age do most children say their first words?
- AAround 3 months
- BAround 12 months
- CAround 5 years
- DAround 30 months
2.Easy
In Piaget's theory, which stage comes first?
- AConcrete operational
- BPreoperational
- CSensorimotor
- DFormal operational
3.Easy
Who introduced the "zone of proximal development"?
- AJohn Bowlby
- BLawrence Kohlberg
- CJean Piaget
- DLev Vygotsky
4.Medium
An infant in the Strange Situation approaches the parent with the head turned away, then freezes. Contradictory behaviour like this indicates which attachment type?
- AInsecure-resistant
- BInsecure-avoidant
- CDisorganised
- DSecure
5.Medium
A student is actively trying out different majors and values but has not committed to any yet. In Marcia's model, this is:
- AMoratorium
- BIdentity achievement
- CIdentity diffusion
- DForeclosure
6.Medium
Older adults often prefer spending time with a few close friends rather than meeting new people. Carstensen's socioemotional selectivity theory explains this as:
- AFocusing on emotionally meaningful goals as time feels shorter
- BA gradual loss of social skills that tends to come with increasing age
- CFear of strangers that grows steadily in later life
- DA decline in crystallised intelligence and memory
7.Hard
Samuel and Bryant asked children about conservation only once, after the transformation, instead of before and after. Their results showed that:
- ANo child could conserve before age 11 in either version of the task
- BChildren did worse than in Piaget's version, so he overestimated them
- CThe number of questions asked made no difference to the results
- DChildren did better, suggesting the two-question format misled them
8.Hard
In Tronick's "still-face" procedure, a mother suddenly stops responding and keeps a neutral face. Infants typically react by:
- AIgnoring the change and carrying on playing as before
- BSmiling and babbling much more than before the change
- CTrying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
- DTurning to the experimenter instead and staying calm throughout
Answer key
- 1. B · Around 12 months
- 2. C · Sensorimotor
- 3. D · Lev Vygotsky
- 4. C · Disorganised
- 5. A · Moratorium
- 6. A · Focusing on emotionally meaningful goals as time feels shorter
- 7. D · Children did better, suggesting the two-question format misled them
- 8. C · Trying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
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