1.Easy
A teenager feels that everyone at school will notice a small spot on her face. Elkind called this belief the:
- AImaginary audience
- BIdentity crisis
- CPersonal fable
- DMoral realism
2.Easy
Knowledge and vocabulary built up over a lifetime, which tend to stay stable or grow with age, are called:
- AEmotional intelligence
- BCrystallised intelligence
- CFluid intelligence
- DProcessing speed
3.Easy
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is caused by:
- ADrinking alcohol in early childhood
- BA single inherited gene
- CAlcohol exposure before birth
- DToo little sleep during infancy
4.Medium
An infant in the Strange Situation approaches the parent with the head turned away, then freezes. Contradictory behaviour like this indicates which attachment type?
- AInsecure-resistant
- BInsecure-avoidant
- CSecure
- DDisorganised
5.Medium
Baumrind's authoritative parenting style combines:
- AHigh warmth with high, clearly explained expectations
- BLow warmth with strict rules and very little explanation
- CHigh warmth with few rules or demands
- DLow warmth and low involvement
6.Medium
Which statement about the formal operational stage is correct?
- AChildren cannot yet use symbols
- BChildren first develop object permanence
- CAdolescents can reason about abstract and hypothetical problems
- DThinking is limited to concrete objects that are physically in front of them
7.Hard
Harlow's monkeys raised in isolation with only surrogate mothers later showed which outcome?
- ACompletely normal adult social behaviour
- BBetter problem solving than monkeys that had been reared by real mothers
- CStrong attachment to the wire mother as adults
- DAbnormal social behaviour and difficulty caring for their own young
8.Hard
A critic argues that Piaget underestimated young children. Which finding supports this?
- AChildren conserve number earlier when the task is changed so the transformation seems accidental
- BInfants show no memory of hidden objects at all
- CChildren never pass false-belief tasks before age 7
- DAdults rarely reason abstractly
Answer key
- 1. A · Imaginary audience
- 2. B · Crystallised intelligence
- 3. C · Alcohol exposure before birth
- 4. D · Disorganised
- 5. A · High warmth with high, clearly explained expectations
- 6. C · Adolescents can reason about abstract and hypothetical problems
- 7. D · Abnormal social behaviour and difficulty caring for their own young
- 8. A · Children conserve number earlier when the task is changed so the transformation seems accidental
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