1.Easy
Noam Chomsky proposed that children have an innate "language acquisition device". This view emphasises:
- ABiological readiness to learn language
- BLanguage as a product of formal schooling
- CLearning language only through reinforcement
- DImitation as the only source of grammar
2.Easy
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is caused by:
- AA single inherited gene
- BDrinking alcohol in early childhood
- CAlcohol exposure before birth
- DToo little sleep during infancy
3.Easy
According to Erikson, the main conflict of adolescence is:
- ATrust versus mistrust
- BIdentity versus role confusion
- CIntimacy versus isolation
- DIntegrity versus despair
4.Medium
Children get better at ignoring distractions and switching between tasks through childhood and adolescence. This improvement in executive function is linked mainly to maturation of the:
- ACerebellum
- BOccipital lobe
- CBrainstem
- DPrefrontal cortex
5.Medium
A 3-year-old hears a new word once, "This is the chromium tray", and later picks out the correct tray. This is called:
- ABabbling
- BTelegraphic speech
- COverextension
- DFast mapping
6.Medium
A 9-year-old can arrange sticks from shortest to longest quickly and without errors. This ability is called:
- AConservation
- BAccommodation
- CSeriation
- DAnimism
7.Hard
In Tronick's "still-face" procedure, a mother suddenly stops responding and keeps a neutral face. Infants typically react by:
- AIgnoring the change and carrying on playing as before
- BTrying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
- CTurning to the experimenter instead and staying calm throughout
- DSmiling and babbling much more than before the change
8.Hard
Romanian orphan studies (Rutter and colleagues) found that children adopted after about 6 months of severe deprivation:
- AShowed no differences from non-adopted children raised in their birth families
- BRecovered completely regardless of adoption age
- CHad better outcomes than children adopted earlier
- DWere more likely to show lasting difficulties than those adopted earlier
Answer key
- 1. A · Biological readiness to learn language
- 2. C · Alcohol exposure before birth
- 3. B · Identity versus role confusion
- 4. D · Prefrontal cortex
- 5. D · Fast mapping
- 6. C · Seriation
- 7. B · Trying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
- 8. D · Were more likely to show lasting difficulties than those adopted earlier
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