1.Easy
According to Erikson, the main conflict of infancy is:
- AInitiative versus guilt
- BIndustry versus inferiority
- CAutonomy versus shame and doubt
- DTrust versus mistrust
2.Easy
Conservation is the understanding that:
- ARules of a game can be changed if all the players agree
- BQuantity stays the same when its appearance changes
- COther people have beliefs
- DObjects exist when out of sight
3.Easy
Wariness or fear when an unfamiliar person approaches, typically appearing in the second half of the first year, is called:
- ASeparation anxiety
- BStranger anxiety
- CSocial referencing
- DImprinting
4.Medium
A 5-year-old says a boy who broke 15 cups by accident is naughtier than a boy who broke 1 cup while stealing jam. Piaget called this:
- AFormal operational moral thought
- BPost-conventional moral reasoning
- CHeteronomous morality (moral realism)
- DAutonomous morality (moral relativism)
5.Medium
Baumrind's authoritative parenting style combines:
- ALow warmth with strict rules and very little explanation
- BHigh warmth with high, clearly explained expectations
- CLow warmth and low involvement
- DHigh warmth with few rules or demands
6.Medium
A 9-month-old finds a toy hidden under cloth A several times. The toy is then hidden under cloth B in full view, but the infant searches under A again. This is:
- ACentration
- BConservation failure
- CThe A-not-B error
- DAnimism
7.Hard
Dodge found that aggressive children are more likely to think a peer who bumped into them did it on purpose, even when the situation was ambiguous. This is called:
- ASelf-serving bias
- BImaginary audience bias
- CHostile attribution bias
- DThe personal fable
8.Hard
In Tronick's "still-face" procedure, a mother suddenly stops responding and keeps a neutral face. Infants typically react by:
- ATrying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
- BTurning to the experimenter instead and staying calm throughout
- CIgnoring the change and carrying on playing as before
- DSmiling and babbling much more than before the change
Answer key
- 1. D · Trust versus mistrust
- 2. B · Quantity stays the same when its appearance changes
- 3. B · Stranger anxiety
- 4. C · Heteronomous morality (moral realism)
- 5. B · High warmth with high, clearly explained expectations
- 6. C · The A-not-B error
- 7. C · Hostile attribution bias
- 8. A · Trying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
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