1.Easy
A baby throws its arms outwards and then pulls them in after a sudden loud noise. This is the:
- ASucking reflex
- BRooting reflex
- CStepping reflex
- DMoro reflex
2.Easy
Two toddlers play with blocks side by side but do not interact with each other. Parten called this:
- ASolitary play
- BParallel play
- CCooperative play
- DAssociative play
3.Easy
Comparing identical and fraternal twins is mainly used to study:
- AWhy some children start babbling earlier
- BHow memory develops during the first year of life
- CWhether Piaget's stages occur in a fixed order
- DThe relative influence of genes and environment
4.Medium
The Sally–Anne task is used to test whether a child has:
- ASecure attachment
- BObject permanence
- CTheory of mind
- DConservation of number
5.Medium
A 9-month-old finds a toy hidden under cloth A several times. The toy is then hidden under cloth B in full view, but the infant searches under A again. This is:
- AAnimism
- BThe A-not-B error
- CCentration
- DConservation failure
6.Medium
In the Strange Situation, an infant shows little distress when the mother leaves and ignores or turns away from her when she returns. This infant is classed as:
- AInsecure-avoidant
- BInsecure-resistant
- CSecurely attached
- DDisorganised
7.Hard
On a visual cliff set to a moderate drop, most infants crossed when their mother smiled but few crossed when she showed fear. This shows:
- ASocial referencing: using a caregiver's emotion to guide behaviour
- BThat infants cannot perceive depth
- CThat infants ignore their caregivers' facial expressions in new situations
- DImprinting on the mother's face
8.Hard
Adolescents take more risks in a driving game when friends are watching, but adults are less affected. Steinberg explains this mainly by:
- AAdolescents having faster reaction times than adults do
- BReward systems maturing earlier than prefrontal self-control
- CAdults being less aware of risks than adolescents are
- DAdolescents being unable to understand the rules of the driving game
Answer key
- 1. D · Moro reflex
- 2. B · Parallel play
- 3. D · The relative influence of genes and environment
- 4. C · Theory of mind
- 5. B · The A-not-B error
- 6. A · Insecure-avoidant
- 7. A · Social referencing: using a caregiver's emotion to guide behaviour
- 8. B · Reward systems maturing earlier than prefrontal self-control
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